Botany Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Botany - Essay Example The research helps the natural scientists to find out things which they have not been able to study and hence the genetic engineering on plants is all the more significant. The third reason is concerned with how the industry has been able to benefit at the hands of the genetic engineering which has taken place over the years on plants. The fourth reason concerns the agricultural basis where genetically modified plants bring to light the genetically modified food forms. The genetically modified crops are also receiving significance because of their uses and advantages that are brought to the notice of all and sundry (James, 1997). The last reason is linked up with the other areas where the genetically engineered plants have been beneficial, mostly comprising of the materials science realms and the construction of the lithium-ion batteries. Hence the genetic engineering of plants is a very renowned area and one which has received attention for a number of different reasons mentioned

English Literature Theme Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

English Literature Theme - Essay Example Moreover, his personal circumstances did not afford him university terms. Consequently, most of what he had learned he had had to teach himself. However, it was through his education, both formal and informal, that he was able to rise in life. From being taken out of school because his father could not pay for it, to being courted to take trips across the pond to conduct lectures, speeches and readings, his was a case of remarkable social elevation through letters. Possibly for this reason, education is often found in Dickens’s writings, as he was a firm believer in the ability of proper education to improve lives and â€Å"as a way to avoid social catastrophe† (Schlicke, 1999: 442). In his novel Our Mutual Friend, one can clearly see this association between Dickens and education through the characters of Charley and Lizzie Hexam as they each are profoundly affected by their experience or inexperience with ‘proper’ education. In his portrayal of education in Our Mutual Friend, Dickens describes a prevalent example of a school of his times, to which the poorer classes of society were obliged to send their children. This can be seen in the scathing words he utilises in Chapter 1 â€Å"Of an Educational Character† in Book the Second : The school at which young Charley Hexam had first learned from a book – the streets being, for pupils of his degree, the great Preparatory Establishment in which very much that is never unlearned is learned without and before book – was a miserable loft in an unsavoury yard. Its atmosphere was oppressive and disagreeable; it was crowded, noisy, and confusing; half the pupils dropped asleep, or fell into a state of waking stupefaction; the other half kept them in either condition by maintaining a monotonous droning noise, as if they were performing, out of time and tune, on a ruder sort of bagpipe. The teachers, animated solely by good intentions, had no

The Impact of Modernization on Socialization

The Impact of Modernization on Socialization A Leader is a person who guide and lead the team to success. As a leader, he or she must have a clear vision and vivid picture of where to go and a firm grasp on what success look like and how to achieve it. A leader must also be able to communicate with his or her follower on her vision and must be able to persuade them to buy into his or her idea. Moreover, he or she must also communicate passionately and clearly so that it can motivate them and direct them more efficient. Besides that, as a leader, he or she must have a responsibility on his or her follower and to make sure that all his or her follower share the common goal. Modernization is conceived in several ways. One of them is through an increased knowledge in science and technology, modernization as a process of change in the social structure and social system. Besides, it is also defined as a movement of transition from traditional society of religion, magic, and superstition to a modern and postmodern society. It is free from religious matrix and traditional norms. Furthermore, the West explains modernization as a process of mobilization, differentiation, industrialization, and secularization, which can reach high economic growth, stable democracy, and a capitalist economy. Modernization has brought to advance of human lifestyle and it makes human life easier. Modernization is not a temporal concept since the social keep on changing. It is a result of enlightenment which values reason, freedom and science, in relation to different aspects of society, so that modernization progress all the time. During modernization, there is universal education and increase of literacy. Democratization in political system and education has been achieved. There are also emergence of rationalization and bureaucratization in social organization of work. Socialization Socialization is conceived as a general process of gaining culture; anthropologists use the term enculturation for the process of being socialized to a particular culture. A human infant is born without any culture. Humans parents, teachers, friends and circumferences transform them into cultural and socially adept animals. Socialization helps people to learn the language of culture they are born, or the role they are to play in life. They will learn about the occupational roles that their society has store for them. For an example, boys learn how to be sons, brothers, friends, husbands, and fathers. During the socialization process, human learn to adopt their cultures norms, which mean the conceptions of appropriate and expected behavior that are held by most members of the society. There are two types of socialization, which are natural socialization and planned socialization. When infants and youngsters explore, play and discover the social world around them, it is called as natural socialization. Whereas when others take actions designed to teach or train people from infancy on, it is called as planned socialization. Both of these types of socialization can have good or bad features. Most people try to gain experience in life. This helps to influence their own socialization. The more we learn about the socialization process, the more effective we can be in managing our future learning in the ways that it will help us most. To gain uniformity within a society, there must be a successful socialization. People will share the same beliefs and expectations if all of them receive the same socialization. Discussion The Impact of Modernization on Socialization In the past, there was a bias between male and female, especially in China country. Males were provided educational chance when they are young. They could study in school meanwhile female are not allowed to study at all. In China before modernization, female are only allowed to do house chores and help around their family. Due to the socialization in the past, they are restricted them from getting the chance to expose themselves in education, business and politics. Besides, female are always being treated as servant or a baby producer. They have to obey what the male said. Furthermore, a female must listen to the male order and they are not allowed to fight back. Once she is born, she has to obey to her father. After married, she has to obey to her husband, then to her son. The changes of modernization has influence processes of socialization, such as learning how to think, how to feel, how to be acceptable, how to be moral and how to be masculine and feminine. This is because modernization had brought lots education opportunities and working opportunities thus women are allowed to work and pursue their own dream as during the industrialization, there is a sudden shortage of labor. Thus woman can join in the men and work independently. After the process of modernization, human think differently. They are more open minded and the bias in between male and female is dribble away. Females no longer listen to their father when choosing their husband who never meet up before. China nowadays is in progress. People pay full concern to their children; no matter they are male or female. Most of them embrace feminism. Female has already got an equal treat as male. Females are also having the chance to study in school. Most of the parents will sent their children, no matter boy or girl to learn extra acqierement, such as drawing, dancing and arts. There is also gender discrimination in India few decades ago. Female infanticide reflects the statement of low status accorded to women. It is proved by the most brutal and destructive action of anti-female bias that pervade patriarchal societies. The phenomena of sex-selective abortion, which targets female fetuses almost exclusively and neglect of girl children is appeared. According to John-Thor Dahlburg, In rural India, the centuries-old practice of female infanticide can still be considered a wise course of action. (Dahlburg, Where killing baby girls is no big sin,  The Los Angeles Times  [in  The Toronto Star, February 28, 1994.]) Based on census statistics, in 1901, there were 972 females for every 1000 males. In the year 1993, the gender imbalance has tilted to 929 females per 1000 males. In the nearly 300 poor hamlets of the Usilampatti area of Tamil Nadu, as many as 196 girls died under suspicious circumstances, such as fed dry, made swallow poisonous powdered fertili zer and smothered with a wet towel, strangled or allowed to starve to death. In India bias against females is still related to the fact that Sons are called upon to provide the income; they are the ones who do most of the work in the fields. Therefore, sons are looked as a type of insurance. This shows that, the high value given to males decreases the value given to females. (Marina Porras,  Female Infanticide and Foeticide.)  Furthermore, India is a heartland of sex-selective abortion. In 1974, Amniocentesis was introduced to ascertain birth defects in a sample population by medical entrepreneurs. So, a spate of sex-selective abortions was followed. Due to the modernization, the phenomena of bury baby have been banned by India. It becomes an illegal legislation. So, modernization has change peoples mindset from traditional to modern. Nowadays, the status of female is equally to male and people are starting to accept that female can also perform any job that a male can perform. Moreover as India become more and more modern, it affect the socialization so much that in the year 1971, India Prime Minister was a female name Indhira Gandhi. From here we can see that through modernization the social structure of the India was also starting to change. Modernization has changes in reshaping economic, political and social life. It is because it not only helps explain economic, social and political change, but it also provide most efforts at prediction. For example, tends to bring increasing urbanization, growing occupational specialization, and higher levels of formal education in any society that undertakes it (Lerner, 1958; Deutsch, 1964). Modernization linked to a wide range of other cultural changes. Although modernization syndrome of changes becomes probable but social change is not linear when societies move from an agrarian mode to an industrial mode. Women in Management is a current social issue. According to Jewell in 1977, the feminist movement, anti-sexual discrimination legislation, and predictions of shortages in managerial talent during the last decade have caused to increased pressure for more women participate in leadership roles during the 1970s. However, in 1978, Malabre said, the progress of integrating women into management positions has achieved limited success. A lot of people posit that women lack the leadership attributes and abilities required for managerial positions. Those holding this type of stereotypic view perceive women as ineffective leaders in jobs incongruent with females more traditionally passive sex role. (Bryce, 1970; Cecil, Paul, Olins, 1973; Hobart Harrick, 1977i Peters, Terborg, Jacobs 1974; Terborg et al., 1974). Bartols findings showed that leader behavior can be influenced by other factors than gender. Based on Lockheed and Hall (1976) studies, men emerged as leaders much more often than female, but there was no different in male and female leadership style. The Bales scoring technique, indicated that women releasing more tension and being more communicative, there was no significant difference between democratic and autocratic leader behavior patterns. Nowadays, women and men are equal, no matter where they are. The modernization process brings more job opportunities to human. Through this, women have more chances to exhibit their ability in working area. The limitation of women to be success is being narrow. It is because peoples mindsets have changed due to modernization towards socialization. Sex Differences and Inequality According to a study by Alice Eagly, from the Northwestern University in 2007, she say that there is a Psychology Prejudice against women as leader. She stated that woman is being perceived as nice, friendly, socially skilled meanwhile men are dominant, assertive (behavioral skill which is linked to self esteem and considered a important communication skill), tough-minded and take charge. Thus this had lead us to the term Glass Ceiling where woman is harasses and limit by the society on the job that they can do. Moreover, the term Glass Ceiling is also use to describe invisible barriers where minorities and women are prevented from advancing to the management position in organization and corporation. Moreover, if we see from the nature perspective, we can see that female is the weaker sex and male dominance is just a biological manifestation. For example, the body structure of a male is stronger than women thus man often takes up the job as a leader and protects women. Since ancient time, hunting and processing hard raw material as strictly male activities whereas female will just cook, wash clothes and do the entire house chore (Peggy Reeves Sanday). Besides that Murdock and Provost suggest that female is attached to the burden of household and burden for pregnancy and infant care. Thus female was left out and do not have the chance to become a leader. This make them to become and not born as a weaker sex due to the socialization in the past. In fact during the past few years, there is more and more female leader out there in the world. Feminism Feminism is a doctrine that women should have the same economic, social, and political equality with those of men. Feminism is distinguished between sex and gender. Sex, whether male and female, is about physical differences between sexes, while gender, whether masculine or feminine, is about characteristics of behavior, psychology or demeanor, which wished to claim are culturally constructed and conditioned and so ultimately arbitrary. The moral and political program of gender feminism was essentially to rescind gender differences. It makes men and women would end up living the same kinds of lives, doing the same kinds of things, and perhaps even  looking  pretty much the same in unisex grooming and clothing. According to F.Carolyn Graglia in 1998, housewives, not men, were the prey in feminisms sights when Kate Millett decreed in 1969 that the family must go. Feminists do not speak for traditional women. Men cannot know this, however, unless we tell them how we feel about them, our children, and our role in the home. Men must understand that our feelings towards them and our children are derided by feminists and have earned us their enmity. Whether or not this understanding garners mens support, traditional women must defend ourselves because the feminist offensive is, most essentially, a breach of solidarity with us, a disavowel of the obligation to honor the Womens Pact [that religious celibates, professional women, and homemakers respect each other] that women in the movement owed to us. Deborah Tannen have already explored an aspect of differences between males and females in her bestselling book You Just Dont Understand. This book is about how men and women use conversation in different ways. She said that men normally use conversation to build status, whereas women use it to establish closeness. Deborah Tannen does not commit herself to whether it caused of nature or socialization. She does not try to deal with it through moralistic exhortations to abolish it, but simply tries to promote understanding. She thinks that men actually do care about closeness, and women also do actually care about status. Female Leaders in World Throughout the years, there have been lots of woman holding a leader position around the globe. This shows that modernization had brought lots of change in the socialization around the world. Woman is not weak but some of them are bound to the socialization around the place they are born. The first example will be Angela Merkel. She was born on July 17,1954. She is the first female and current Chancellor of Germany. She is the also the president of the Christian Democratic Union (CDU) since April 10, 2000. Moreover, she is also the President of the European Council and chairperson of the G8 during 2007.G8 refer to group of eight where it is comprise of Canada, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, Russia, United Kingdom and United State.G8 duty was to discuss issue of mutual or global concern. Their range of topic include, law enforcement, labor, health, social development, energy, economic, foreign affairs, justice and interior, terrorism and trade. Moreover, in the year 2008, she was awarded the Charlemagne Prize in 2008 for her contribution towards the European Union for the betterment she made. So from her we can see that modernization truly brought change in socialization. It made everyone has the equal chance to be a leader no matter their gender, race, or skin color. Moreover, for Angela Merkel, she is a truly remarkable icon for the female as she dares to stand up for herself and believe in the change she can bring for the society. The second female leader example will be Indira Gandhi who is the prime minister of India for 14 years (3 terms). She was the first female Prime Minister for India. Her father was Jawaharlal Nehru who was the first prime minister of India. She served as her father personal assistant unofficially before becoming the Prime Minister of India. After her father death, she was appointed as member of Rajya Sabha (Upper House) and appointed as the Minister of Information and Broadcasting. Finally with the help of the Congress Party President K. Kamaraj, she is able to win the election and finally won the seat as the Prime Minister of India. Moreover, during the year she led the country as Prime Minister, she had helped India to win a war against Pakistan in 1971 and managed to create the independent Bangladesh. Furthermore, her policy of Garibi Hatao (abolish poverty) was instrumental in her victory as well during the election. So from Indira Gandhi, we can see that even thought she is a wom an, she managed to be a good leader and even managed to lead India to win a war against Pakistan. This clearly show that female is no weak and they can be as good and strong as male. This had proven that male is not the smartest and strongest. So as long as female are given a chance, they might shine and be a good leader as well as a male can. Thus the quote by Vince Lombardi is significant which means Leaders are made and they are not born. They are made by hard effort which is the price that all of us must pay in order to achieve any goal that is worthwhile. Meanwhile in other field besides politic, we do have women who are also a leader. For example is Dr.Faust whose real name is Drew Gilpin Faust is being elected as the first woman president in Harvard University in the year 2007. Moreover, she was also the first dean for the Radcliffe Institute who guides it to change from a college to a wide-ranging institute for advanced study. In sports wise one of the most famous sportswomen is Billie Jean King who is a professional Tennis player who is known for the Battle of the Sexes in 1973. The battle of sexes was between Billie Jean King and Bobby Rigs who is the former Wimbledon mens single champion. As women, Billie Jean King managed to beat down Bobby Rigs and emerged as the victorious. Moreover, King became the first woman who managed to make more than $100,000 a year in tennis and was the Associated Presss Woman Athlete of the Year in 1967 and 1973. She was also the Sports Illustrateds Sportswoman of the year in 1972. Moreover, King is also the founder of the Women Sports Foundation, and the Women Tennis Association. Furthermore, King was also the first openly lesbian major sports figures when she came out in 1981. Besides that, the beating of the Bobby Rigs also helped to change the gender equality issue in sports and all the areas of public life. Thus in the year 2009, she was awarded the Presidential Medal of Freedom by the President of United State Barrack Obama as her contribution had really helped the world to be a better place. Besides these female leader, there are still lots of female leader who are well known such as Benazir Bhutto who was the first female head of the Muslim country, Rosa Parks the civil right female leader who make racial segregation in United State illegal and Margaret Thatcher who is the Prime Minister in the Britain and manage to end the Cold War. From here we can see that female can also function and work well in the Political Aspect. Furthermore in the aspect of fashion design, we had Melinda Looi who is a purveyor of fine art and vintage chic. She won a scholarship to La Salle School of fashion in Montreal, Canada. In 1995, she was awarded Malaysia Young Designer Award in Kuala Lumpur which was also her graduation collection year. Today, Melinda Looi is one of the influential fashion designers who have also sets her design on her world. In the year 2000, Mellooi Creation was formed. It takes the designers creation to greater horizons while also strengthening the brand. Mellooi Cre ation Sdn Bhd has been formulated to further develop business opportunities in local and international markets. In sum, we can see that these women are important leader who have reached a great height and have change the world to a better place. They are competent, broad-minded, straightforward and efficient. They show out good judgments while being passionate about their vision too. So in future we hope that they will be more female leader out there to guide and bring the world to be a better place. Female Contribution in the Society There is numerous contribution of female in our society today. Without them, we may not be able to achieve what we had today. In medical field, we have the famous Dr. Janet Davidson Rowley, who discovered the first consistent chromosome translocation in a human cancer. Rowley is internationally renowned for her study in chromosome abnormalities in lymphoma and leukemia. Her discovery had led to the dramatically improved rates of survival for the previously incurable cancers and the development of targeted therapies. Besides Dr. Janet, we had Nancy Goodman Brinker who is the founder of Susan G.Komen for the cure. It is the world leading breast cancer grass root organization. The organization helps and invested over 1.3 million for research, health services and education since 1982. They had worked with breast cancer survivor and activist to save lives, ensure quality care, empower people and work hard in science and research to find cures. With her help, they had developed new treatment option and a higher chance of living for the breast cancer patient and long-term survivors. Meanwhile in the engineering or invention section, women had also provided lots of help and contribution. For example we had Mary Jane Montgomery who had made improvements in locomotive wheels in the year 1864 and apparatus for punching corrugated metals in the year 1866. Besides that, Evelyn F. French also helped to invent a sound-deadening attachment for railway cars in the year 1880. Meanwhile, Letitia Geer managed to develop the medical syringes in the year 1899. From here we can see that women also helped out in the engineering and invention section. Conclusion In conclusion, we do not agree with the statement that Male are smarter than female as through our research we found out that there are also female who is smarter and better leader than the male. The reason they cant be a leader is due to the gender discrimination at workplace as there is a Glass Ceiling that is preventing them from advancing. However, over the recent year due to modernization, women are starting to be conscious and know their role. They do not only stay in the house but started to work and fight for the management role with the male. This had clearly showed that modernization had clearly made an impact on socialization by changing the norm of society on how they perceive the female. Moreover, because the change in socialization, the female is starting to be more confident and believe that they too can be a great leader. Female can be a good leader no matter in what field as we can see from Indira Gandhi who led the nation to win against the war with Pakistan. From h ere we can see that female can take up any challenge or work that male may take and some of them may out beat the male. Moreover, over the recent year, more and more female are coming out to contest on political position or the corporation management position. Besides that, modernization is also bringing a stronger democracy where social systems will be more numerous and specialized and competition will be more and more prevalent. This will also make the socialization to change from time to time to follow up with the modern society need and requirement as the society will start to be more and more competitive regardless whether they are female or male.

Computational Complexity and the Origin of Universals :: Mathematics Mathematical Philosophy Papers

Computational Complexity and the Origin of Universals ABSTRACT: This paper establishes close relationships between fundamental problems in the philosophical and mathematical theories of mind. It reviews the mathematical concepts of intelligence, including pattern recognition algorithms, neural networks and rule systems. Mathematical difficulties manifest as combinatorial complexity of algorithms are related to the roles of a priori knowledge and adaptive learning, the same issues that have shaped the two-thousand year old debate on the origins of the universal concepts of mind. Combining philosophical and mathematical analyses enables tracing current mathematical difficulties to the contradiction between Aristotelian logic and Aristotelian theory of mind (Forms). Aristotelian logic is shown to be the culprit for the current mathematical difficulties. I will also discuss connections to GÃ ¶del’s theorems. The conclusion is that fuzzy logic is a fundamental requirement for combining adaptivity and apriority. Relating the mathemati cal and philosophical helps clarifying both and helps analyzing future research directions of the mathematics of intelligence. I. Introduction: Mathematics and Philosophy The two-thousand year old debate on the origins of universal concepts of mind was about the roles of adaptivity or learning from experience vs. the a priori knowledge (the inborn or God-given). It is closely related to the epistemological problem of the origins of knowledge. The problem of combining adaptivity and a-priority is fundamental to computational intelligence as well as to understanding human intelligence. There is an interrelationship among concepts of mind in mathematics, psychology, and philosophy, which is much closer than currently thought among scientists and philosophers of today. From the contemporary point of view, the questions about mind posed by ancient philosophers are astonishingly scientific. A central question to the work of Plato, Aristotle, Avicenna, Maimonides, Aquinas, Occam, and Kant was the question of the origins of universal concepts. Are we born with a priori knowledge of concepts or do we acquire this knowledge adaptively by learning from experienc e? This question was central to the work of ancient philosophers, medieval theologists, and it was equally important to theories of Freud, Jung, and Skinner. The different answers they gave to this question are very similar to the answers given by McCulloch, Minsky, Chomsky and Grossberg. When 2300 years ago Plato faced a need to explain our ability to conceptualize, he concluded that concepts are of a priori origin. The philosophy based on the transcendental, a priori reality of concepts was named realism. During the following 2000 years the concept of a-priority was tremendously strengthened by the development of monotheistic religion in Europe, to the extent that it interfered with empirical studies.

Today’s Education System

An Essay on the Present Education SystemWe live otherwise in the twenty-first century. This century is extremely connected with engineering promotion, high mobility, globalisation, and coevals Z. Generation Z or iGeneration is a name used for the cohort of people born from the early 2000s to the present twenty-four hours. This coevals has some different features with its predating coevals, leting us to implement different attack in instruction.Our Education System: TodayI will get down with the job of our current instruction system. The biggest job is, it did non actuate childs. Millions of childs do non cognize any purposing of traveling to school, except duty. When we went to school we were indoctrinated by scenario: work hard, rewarded did good, acquire a college, and eventually you will hold a occupation. But in the hereafter, it is non guarantee any longer, non if the path to it marginalises what you think of import about yourself. Furthermore, confronting the unpredictable econ omic fortunes. This current system was designed and conceived for a different age: Victorians, between 18th and nineteenth century. It was arranged in the rational civilization of the enlightenment and in the economic fortunes of the industrial revolution. The rational theoretical account of the head stated that the existent intelligence consist of capacity of deductive logical thinking and cognition of the classics, what we come to believe as academic ability. It divides people to academic and non academic, smart people and non-smart people. In effects, many superb people think that they are non. In this system, these childs are medicated. They are forced to bury any distraction such as games, iphones, telecasting, and concentrate to the deadening material at school. Students start losing their involvement, barely believing heterosexual, and losing their attending wholly. In category, they are given the theory and required to memorise it, without cognizing the relevant of that context in existent universe. That is why pupils still disengaged. It becomes more terrible with quantitative standardized proving. They merely know they oblige to analyze and go through the criterion. Education is modeled based on the involvement of industrialisation and in the image of it. Schools are organised on mill lines and pupils are its manufactured merchandises. The Victorians produce instruction which remake us photocopy of each other. How make you be submissive, how do you sit patiently be disengaged for approximately two hours and take it. The humanistic disciplines are the victims of this outlook. The humanistic disciplines, particularly address the thought of aesthetic experience, when senses are runing at their extremum. When we collaring about the exhilaration of these things with our experiencing, when we are to the full alive. While anesthetic is experience which shut your senses off and dampen yourself to what is go oning. We are acquiring our kids educated by anesthetizing them. The deductions are easy to be described. These childs merely give replies based on what their instructor said. They are afraid to see things from different positions, lose their critical accomplishment, and really bad foretelling what will do them happy.The New Model of SchoolPlaning new theoretical account of instruction demands coaction of pupils, instructors, schools, and authorities. Lets start with basic inquiry, what sort of end product that we truly want from instruction system? I ever imagine if schools can be topographic point where pupils can come excitingly, full of autonomous cogniti on, so much more passion and information about they want to make. It is the existent acquisition procedure, they learn something when they have ground to larn it. First, we should waking them up to what is inside of themselves! If we are interested in the theoretical account of acquisition, we should non get down from production line outlook. We have to alter our way from conformity-standardised testing and course of study to divergent thought. Divergent thought is an indispensable capacity for creativity-the procedure of holding original thoughts that have value. It is ability to see tonss of possible replies to a inquiry, tonss of ways to construe a inquiry, and to believe laterally, non merely in additive or convergent ways. We might non judge this topic is superior and this is non. We teach them how to believe their ego involvement, appreciate it, and facilitate that. It besides important to alter the civilization of our establishments that dainty academic pupils as the potencies merchandise and non-academic pupils as the remainders. Second, we have to cut the disengaged concatenation between school and the world. We must revised our end: mark oriented become geographic expedition oriented. Students are non teached how to reply inquiries on the test, but how one job in the existent word can be connected and answered by theory they learned in the category. They must non coerce to bury their favorite games or telecasting channels, but we lead unite them with instruction. The point is, we do non restrict their imaginativeness. They may come with alone inquiries or even unanswerable, but it is the manner they can get down believing critically.Students will understand how their school linked to their life, and they used to see things from scientific discipline position. Third, concentrating on the reading comprehension and critical accomplishment. Actually, it based on Indonesia status. Trends in International Mathematics and Science ( TIMSS ) and Progress in International Reading Literacy Study ( PIRLS ) appraisal revealed that the reading ability of Indonesian kids is low. Whereas, reading ability is the fundamental of scientific discipline acquisition. Why it can go on? One of the ground is, we do non hold reading comprehension course of study, we merely have linguistic communication course of study. I besides have merely learned that reading to understanding is by doing note beside the of import paragraph and rewrite it on our ain words through essay, non the multiple pick. The multiple choice-we used to utilize, is non stimulate pupils to love literacy and read, doing the open-minded is non formed. Finally, they do non cognize how to work out a problem-things they will confront in world. As I said earlier, this instruction reform besides need teacher coaction. We know, sometimes teacher treats their pupils as how they were treated by their instructor. It is wholly different. Today coevals is immune from such stiff school and strict regulations are non effectual any longer. Teachers have to cognize how to do them travel to school voluntarily and to the full motivated. The schoolroom has to be designed to supply adequate infinite for bettering pupils imaginativeness and geographic expedition. However, instructors are the executor of course of study in the category. Go through state with the best instruction system, Finland, instructors there are good educated and trained. Better instruction system need better human resource to present it. Finally, what I hope to be in the new theoretical account of school and high school for twenty-first century are the pupils that full of larning enthusiasm and the instructors that focuses on geographic expedition instead than how to fix pupils go throughing the test. I want reading-writing civilization and wonder colored the school. I do non desire modern establishment dumped critical thought merely because there is non any statement facilitator. Education is non knowledge transportation that remake pupils as a design of their instructor. Students must hold ability to transform the cognition, so the concluding end of instruction to set out coevalss who can reply the epoch menace can be achieved. As the Malcolm Forbes quotes â€Å" Education ‘s intent to replace an empty head with an unfastened one †

Staying Focus Essay

   Staying focus To know the real man behind the name Cleveland, starts with my dynamic support team, my family. I was fortunate to have a strong foundation in the beginning, that is still on going today. That being said, it has kept me grounded and able to give me the unique abilities that I have in me today. The ability to turn my negatives into positives. Dwelling on issues and difficult situations that occur in my life, is not something I waste my time doing. Searching for solutions, while always finding the positives is what I’m about. Being interested in tasks in my life keeps me constantly planning and preparing for the next phase. Which is teaching Junior Reserve Officers Training Corps in one of Texas’s finest High School. I have given over twenty years of my life to the United States Army, with no regrets. I never lost that passion for our United States Armed Forces. So my interest now, that it is time for another chapter in my life, which is to teach our next generation the tools in life in setting goals and knowing how to achieve them to become successful in this world. I look forward to sharing (teaching) with them what that experience has taught me. I will conquer that by informing them how it has empowered me to never give up on dreams. Also letting them know how it has taught discipline, integrity, values, respect, honor and leadership. Among other things such as great sacrifices, for example ; one of my greatness sacrifices that I have made ( with no regrets) for it has and still is my family. It was not easy being absent from my love ones for long periods at a time. Praying and hoping that it would not be the last time that I saw them again, but that was a sacrifice I was willing to make to ensure a better life for my family and the world. I am very passionate about my family. They are the back bone, as I stated before my strong foundation that represents me. My family keeps me motivated and focus. My wife is constantly reminding and assuring me that nothing is impossible for me to achieve. My gifts, as my lovely wife would explain is that I have â€Å"the gift of Gab†. I have always been fortunate in being introduce to individuals of high statue, which was caused by someone I made a good impression on. I have been able to touch others lives in a special way that was positive just by conversation. I am a true believer that a great personality goes a long way in this world. My talents goes a long way, from the basketball courts, football fields and now the golf course. The one talent that I am happiest about is I love helping people achieve things in life that they could never imagine doing. Over the years while being a recruiter for the United States Army I met lots of people with no dreams or aspiration to succeed, but after spending a couple of hours with me they changed their views. When ever I approached people my goal was to always put a

Simplest Formula From Percent Composition

Simplest Formula From Percent Composition This is a worked example chemistry problem to calculate the simplest formula from the percent composition. Simplest Formula from Percent Composition Problem Vitamin C contains three elements: carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen. Analysis of pure vitamin C indicates that the elements are present in the following mass percentages: C 40.9H 4.58O 54.5 Use the data to determine the simplest formula for vitamin C. Solution We want to find the number of moles of each element in order to determine the ratios of the elements and the formula. To make the calculation easy (i.e., let the percentages convert directly to grams), lets assume we have 100 g of vitamin C. If you are given mass percentages, always work with a hypothetical 100-gram sample. In a 100 gram sample, there are 40.9 g C, 4.58 g H, and 54.5 g O. Now, look up the atomic masses for the elements from the Periodic Table. The atomic masses are found to be: H is 1.01C is 12.01O is 16.00 The atomic masses provide a moles-per-gram conversion factor. Using the conversion factor, we can calculate the moles of each element: moles C 40.9 g C x 1 mol C / 12.01 g C 3.41 mol Cmoles H 4.58 g H x 1 mol H / 1.01 g H 4.53 mol Hmoles O 54.5 g O x 1 mol O / 16.00 g O 3.41 mol O The numbers of moles of each element are in the same ratio as the number of atoms C, H, and O in vitamin C. To find the simplest whole number ratio, divide each number by the smallest number of moles: C: 3.41 / 3.41 1.00H: 4.53 / 3.41 1.33O: 3.41 / 3.41 1.00 The ratios indicate that for every one carbon atom there is one oxygen atom. Also, there are 1.33 4/3 hydrogen atoms. (Note: converting the decimal to a fraction is a matter of practice! You know the elements must be present in whole number ratios, so look for common fractions and become familiar with the decimal equivalents for fractions so you can recognize them.) Another way to express the atom ratio is to write it as 1 C : 4/3 H : 1 O. Multiply by three to obtain the smallest whole-number ratio, which is 3 C: 4 H : 3 O. Thus, the simplest formula of vitamin C is C3H4O3. Answer C3H4O3 Second Example This is another  worked example chemistry problem to calculate the simplest formula from the percent composition. Problem The mineral cassiterite is a compound of tin and oxygen. Chemical analysis of cassiterite shows that the mass percentages of tin and oxygen are 78.8 and 21.2, respectively. Determine the formula of this compound. Solution We want to find the number of moles of each element in order to determine the ratios of the elements and the formula. To make the calculation easy (i.e., let the percentages convert directly to grams), lets assume we have 100 g of cassiterite. In a 100 gram sample, there are 78.8 g Sn and 21.2 g O. Now, look up the atomic masses for the elements from the  Periodic Table. The atomic masses are found to be: Sn is 118.7O is 16.00 The atomic masses provide  a moles-per-gram conversion factor. Using the conversion factor, we can calculate the moles of each element: moles Sn 78.8 g Sn x 1 mol Sn / 118.7 g Sn 0.664 mol Snmoles O 21.2 g O x 1 mol O / 16.00 g O 1.33 mol O The numbers of moles of each element are in the same ratio as the number of atoms Sn and O in cassiterite. To find the simplest whole number ratio, divide each number by the smallest number of moles: Sn: 0.664 / 0.664 1.00O: 1.33 / 0.664 2.00 The ratios indicate that there is one  tin atom for every two  oxygen atoms. Thus, the  simplest formula  of cassiterite is SnO2. Answer SnO2

An Came First

An Came First An Came First An Came First By Maeve Maddox A reader writes: I propose that an was invented to prevent us from having to interrupt the flow of speech. And it still fills that purpose before unaccented first syllables starting with h. This comment suggests that the indefinite article form an developed from the form a as a means of facilitating pronunciation. Unlike Esperanto, English is not an invented language, but the product of more than a thousand years of development. An was not invented to facilitate the flow of language. Neither did it begin its life as â€Å"an indefinite article.† It started out as a numeric adjective. The English indefinite article a/an derives from the Old English word for one: ane. The word was written ane, anne, aenne and aene in its various declensions. As it evolved into our modern indefinite article, sometimes it signified the number one and sometimes the article a. For example, in an OE version of the New Testament parable of the workmen who are all paid the same for different amounts of work, the owner of the vineyard pays them â€Å"anne pening,† that is, â€Å"one penny.† In the account of the voyages of Ohthere and Wulfstan, Ohthere refers to Skiringssal as â€Å"an port,† that is, â€Å"a port.† Even in modern usage, the article a/an can be used in the sense of â€Å"one,† as in, â€Å"I’ll have a hamburger, a cherry Coke, and two orders of fries.† Like the reader whose comment prompted this post, some modern speakers feel that that an â€Å"still fills [a] purpose before unaccented first syllables starting with h.† According to a note in the OED, â€Å"many (perhaps most) writers down to the 19th century retained an before sounded h and some even before eu, u, as â€Å"an historian,† â€Å"an euphonic vowel,† and â€Å"an united appeal.† Most modern usage guides, however, recommend a. That’s not to say that you can’t say â€Å"an historic† if you want to. Related posts: A Useful Reminder About An A Historic vs. An Historic Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Grammar category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:50 Rhetorical Devices for Rational WritingConfused Words #3: Lose, Loose, Loss25 Idioms with Clean

The 50 Most Commonly Used Words in the English Language

The 50 Most Commonly Used Words in the English Language If youre an English learner, knowing which words are most commonly used in the language can help you to improve your vocabulary skills and gain confidence in  casual conversations.   Dont  count on these words to help you become fluent in English, but do use them as a resource to help you build your skills as you grow more  comfortable with the English language. Top Vocabulary Words All Everyone in a group.All the children did their homework. And A conjunction that joins parts of speech together in a sentence.She jumped, jogged, and danced in gym class.   Boy A male child.The little boy asked his mother if she would buy him candy. Book A long text of words that people read.The college student had to read a 500-page book for English class. Call To yell out or speak loudly; to contact someone by phone.  The girl called out to her brother so he would wait for her. Car A four-wheeled vehicle that transports people from one place to another.He drove the car from school to work. Chair A piece of furniture that can hold one person.My mother is the only one allowed to sit in the big chair in the living room.   Children Young people who have not yet reached adulthood.The children didnt listen to what their parents told them. City A place where many people live.New York is the biggest city in the United States. Dog   An animal that many people have as a household pet.My dog likes to play with bones. Door A passageway from which you can enter or exit a room or a building.  The students rushed through the classroom door just before the bell rang.   Enemy   The opposite of a friend. A competitor or rival.  The hero of the story killed his enemy with a sword. End To finish something or come to a conclusion.The end of the book was a happy one. Enough To have more than one needs of something.  Most Americans have enough food to eat, but thats not true in other countries.   Eat To consume food.  The children liked to eat apples and bananas after school.   Friend The opposite of an enemy. Someone on your side and with whom you enjoy spending time.The girl played with her friend in the yard until her mother told her to come inside. Father A male parent.The father picked up his child when she started crying. Go To travel to and from a location.  We go to school every day. Good To behave well or in a kind manner.My mother said that if Im good and dont hit my brother, she will take me to the movies. Girl A female child.  The girl dropped her schoolbooks on the ground.   Food An edible substance that people, animals, and plants eat to live.Starving people do not have enough food to eat and may die. Hear To listen to something.  I could hear my brother and sister arguing from the other room. House A place where people, often families, live.My friend lives in the biggest house on the street. Inside The internal part of something or to be located within something.  The inside of the house was warm and cozy.   Laugh To express that you find something amusing.  The children laughed after the clown made a joke. Listen To hear something.  We listen to music because we like to dance.   Man An adult male.The man was much taller than his son.   Name The title of a place, book, person, etc.  I never liked my name growing up.   Never Not ever.I am never getting back together with my boyfriend. Next The thing that happens after something else in a sequence; to be situated by something else.  Lets go to the next question. New Something just created or unused or unopened.My mother bought me a new doll for Christmas. It was still in the package. Noise Loud sounds, especially made by music or a group of people.  There was so much noise at the party, the neighbors called the police.   Often To happen frequently.  My teacher gets mad because I often forget my homework.   Pair Two things that go together.  I like the new pair of shoes my sister bought me for my birthday. Pick To choose or select.  I picked the cupcake with vanilla frosting.   Play To have fun with someone or engage in an activity or sport.  I like to play football with my brother.   Room A part of a home, building, office or another structure.  The room at the end of the hall is the coldest in the building.   See To watch or observe something.  I see clouds in the sky, which must mean it will rain soon. Sell To offer a service or a good for a price.I am going to sell my surfboard for $50 because its time for a new one.   Sit To rest on a floor, chair, or another surface.  The teacher told the children to sit on the carpet.   Speak To say something.I speak too loudly sometimes.   Smile To grin or show pleasure.I smile when my brother tells jokes. Sister The opposite of brother. The female child in relation to other children of the same parents.My parents took my sister and me to the circus. Think To contemplate something or have an idea or belief.  I think all pets should have a home.   Then Something that comes after an event in a sequence.  I opened the refrigerator. Then, I ate some food.   Walk To travel on foot.  I walk home from school every day. Water A substance plants, people, animals, and the earth need to survive.If animals dont have enough water to drink, they will die.   Work To make a living, engage in an activity for pay, or to reach a goal.  I work as a teacher because I like children.   Write To put something on paper with a pen or pencil. To use a computer to type text.I have to write three essays in English class this semester.   Woman A female adult.That woman was our new school principal.   Yes To answer affirmatively or respond to ones name being called.  Yes, Im here, the student said when the teacher called her name.

Thomas Paine's 'Common Sense' Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Thomas Paine's 'Common Sense' - Essay Example From this situation, the best scenario is that these people create the laws by which they will live under themselves. This does not explicitly refer to the American colonists, but it does imply their current state at that time. Paine then turns his attack directly towards the British government by arguing that the system contradicts itself and places too much power on the monarchy. Furthermore, the monarchy itself is corrupt because the very idea of a monarch was formed out of a false argument. The people can choose who they want to be king in the first place, yet they have no choice about the king’s descendants. This presents an opportunity for greed and corruption as no one will dare to stop the monarch from continuing this practice. Paine argues that America should have the freedom to choose its leaders so that the leadership of the country will not remain within one extended family. Furthermore, Paine dispels the myth that America could not survive without the help of Britain by arguing that America has progressed to a point where it can flourish on its own two feet. Loyalists would claim that America has only progressed to what it was then because of the help of the king, and also the protection that has been provided to fend off outside enemies. Paine comments that Britain has only been doing this in order to look after its own interests. He even gives an example of British troops attacking some American colonies, although the British would protest this view and say that they have only been looking after America the whole time. Paine remarks that America has no benefit to remain linked with Britain because America can engage in more profitable trade with the rest of Europe. The British argument would be that the colonies can remain strong by trading with Britain because trade will benefit everyone. However, Paine says that trade will only benefit Britain beca use the British only see the colonies as a means

The History of State Terrorism Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

The History of State Terrorism - Article Example Through a historical perspective of terrorism, a student of the evolution of terrorism recognizes the various essential aspects that make contemporary terrorism of today different from traditional terrorism of the past. Whereas the nature and means of terrorism have changed over the past centuries in history, the results and effect of terrorism remain unchanged through different ages. When the history of state terrorism is explored in detail, one is reminded of the saying 'The more things change - the more things remain the same'. It is common that the terrorist party tends to appeal strongly to emotion when the state machinery is essentially rational. Similarly, the terrorist movement instills its politics with a powerful moral tone and a weak-versus-strong strategy reliant for the most part on its psychological impact on the adversary, where the state machinery operates on the basis of 'realist' policies and an understanding of the balance of power. "Today's terrorism is what speci alists call group or bottom-up-terrorism, but top-down (state) terrorism has been far more prevalent throughout history. It enjoyed its heyday in the twentieth century with the advent of totalitarianism. In terms of victims, top-down terrorism has taken a vastly higher toll than its bottom-up counterpart." (Chaliand and Blin, 2007, p 6). Therefore, top-down or state terrorism has been a reality through various periods in the history of terrorism, though it is most treacherous and malicious in the twenty-first century. Although there have been several significant attempts to counter the threats of this terrorist tendency, including the Global War on Terrorism, the state of affairs with regard to state terrorism has not changed greatly. That is to say, historical evaluation of state terrorism confirms the concept of the saying - 'The more things change - the more things remain the same'. Whereas terrorism has a long history of its development and state terrorism has been in place for quite long centuries, not many talked about 'state terrorism' until very recently. That is to say, state terrorism was not given great importance until in recent times and a profound understanding of state terrorism is essential to realize the concept of the saying - 'The more things change - the more things remain the same'.  Ã‚  

Dealing with Unhealthy Food Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Dealing with Unhealthy Food - Essay Example From this essay highlights that the national rate of obesity in the case of adults is twenty four percent while it has been approximated to be as high as fifty two percent in Manchester and the adjacent Clay County. There have been efforts to understand the degree of obesity from various quarters and recently, Michelle Obama, the first lady, lead other stakeholders in unveiling the findings of a task force on obesity. The findings showed that the rate of obesity in children was increasing and there were a limited number of places where people could purchase foods that were nutritious. Places such as Manchester are likely to be more affected by the obesity crisis in future as there is no department that is responsible for recreation or parks. Apart from this, most of the establishments that operate up to late at night are fast food places and this is quickly increasing the number of overweight people.This study discusses that the issue of being overweight may also be attributed to the feeding culture as children are required to clean their plates at mealtimes before they can leave the table. The children are required to eat all their food even when they are already full. There is also the issue of denial or a fear of knowing and the people consider that the only time there are supposed to be weighed is when they go to the doctor even though they do not visit the doctor. Others eve consider obesity as a hereditary issue that they are not in a position to control.

A Case of Eating Disorder Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

A Case of Eating Disorder - Essay Example The nutritional counsellor should go ahead to identify the client’s positives and strengths and capitalize on them, in Josephine’s case the counsellor should acknowledge that Josephine takes multivitamins and encourage her to continue doing do. The counsellor goes further and lets the client set her goals including the number of calories that they wish to be taking and the amount of weight they would wish to add. The counsellor then collaborates with the client and comes up with ways that will enable the client to achieve his goals (Treasure, Claudino, & Zucker, 2010). The counsellor should go ahead to point out the clients’ progress every time they meet up. Schedules should be convenient to the client. At least three sessions per week for the first eight weeks, two sessions for the next seven weeks and one session for the last five sessions of the twenty-session schedule. Some of the information that can be collected during follow-ups include how many calories t he client is eating per day, the client’s weight, the number of vomiting episodes and the number of meals the client is consuming on the daily basis. The previously set goals can be assessed by putting the current performance alongside the set goals. This will enable the counselor to gauge accurately if there is any progress that is being made, whether the client is improving or regressing. It is from this information that the counsellor will collaborate with the client in coming up with new measures that will enable the client to achieve her goals quicker.

Direct Solicitation and Making the Case( Narrative) Essay

Direct Solicitation and Making the Case( Narrative) - Essay Example Each night 20 to 25 volunteers help in serving the meals. The Cathedral Kitchen runs the Culinary Arts Training (CAT) Program. The 17-week program seeks to impart knowledge and develop high-quality culinary skills in learners (The Cathedral Kitchen ). Each year, the program enrolls forty students all of whom are trained free-of-charge: the Kitchen meets the costs of their textbooks, meals and uniforms. In addition, the Kitchen assists the students with job placements at no cost. This paper seeks to raise $270,200 to help increase the intake into the CAT program from the current forty to eighty. The paper explains how this amount is going to be raised by each of two methods of solicitation: email and traditional mail solicitation. This phase of our funds drive targets the business community in Camden City. Indeed, the business community has stood by the Cathedral Kitchen since its inception in 1976(The Cathedral Kitchen). The City’s small and medium enterprises and large corporations alike have continually supported us by making donations in both cash and kind. Therefore, we are once more counting on their unceasing generous support to help us raise the initial $270,200 we need to double our intake from the current forty to eighty students. In recent years, the Cathedral Kitchen has been receiving an ever growing number of applications for the CAT program. However, given the limited capacity of the program, many qualified candidates have been turned down. Hence, the need to expand the program. Even though by doubling our intake we still may not be able to take in everyone, we believe the move is a step in the right direction. Most of our students are drawn from some of the poorest families in Camden Ci ty and elsewhere in the state of New Jersey. Therefore, by keeping a student in the CAT program, one is transforming an entire family. Our graduates are employed and serve in the

The Hands of Poverty Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

The Hands of Poverty - Essay Example While it is true that the economy has improved the lives of many people, poverty still exists. Many networks attempts to provide the basic needs of the poor – clothing, food, shelter – but the number of people who needs assistance is still higher compared to those who are being serviced. This paper critically analyzes the essay written by Jane Addams entitled â€Å"The Hands of Poverty†. Written in 1910, during the height of industrialization, the essay provides valuable insights on the lamentable situation of many citizens of East London. In this essay, Addams talks about her first experience in East London when she became eyewitness to the poverty afflicting Londoners. Here, she describes how everyone had to fend for themselves: how the â€Å"submerged tenth† (Addams 258) were forced to eat decaying fruits and vegetables while auctioneers had to endure the suffering of their countrymen in order to bring food to their own tables. Addams is making a point about how poverty serves to diminish humanity, because it makes people act more like animals than men. Addams’ essay had a referential purpose. Written objectively, Addams talks about the two faces of East London, one which is seen by tourists like herself, and the other one which is experienced by the city’s residents. ... The secondary purpose for this essay was expressive. The writer hoped to show how much the scene has affected her. Perhaps, it was also a way for her to explain why she did what she did in later life. Addams went on to become a social activist (Knight) and has often referred back to this experience in her other works (Bettis). Addams went on to describe her experience in the city and how it created an impact on her life. Her use of first person pronouns made the essay more personal. This essay was also used an evaluation pattern. She related her own judgement of the scene she wrote about. Though she did not explicitly say that she â€Å"hated† what she saw, she used words like â€Å"wretchedness of East London† to depict her disdain at the scene unfolding before her. This pattern combined with the secondary pattern described below gave information to the reader, and at the same time allowed the reader to experience the same emotions and convictions as the writer. Moreov er, the essay also had descriptive pattern because of her choices for words she used the word â€Å"clamoring† to describe how these bidders were shouting just to get their hands on a cheap piece of vegetable or fruit which is the only thing they could purchase with the money they had. To show how hungry these people were she described a winner of a bid who â€Å"tore [the cabbage] with his teeth, and hastily devoured it, unwashed and uncooked† (Addams 257). Addams used strong words to describe the scene, and in effect, she transported the reader to the same instant that she witnessed, giving the reader the same feeling of contempt for the prevailing system of poverty and hunger. In the latter part of

Direct Solicitation and Making the Case( Narrative) Essay

Direct Solicitation and Making the Case( Narrative) - Essay Example Each night 20 to 25 volunteers help in serving the meals. The Cathedral Kitchen runs the Culinary Arts Training (CAT) Program. The 17-week program seeks to impart knowledge and develop high-quality culinary skills in learners (The Cathedral Kitchen ). Each year, the program enrolls forty students all of whom are trained free-of-charge: the Kitchen meets the costs of their textbooks, meals and uniforms. In addition, the Kitchen assists the students with job placements at no cost. This paper seeks to raise $270,200 to help increase the intake into the CAT program from the current forty to eighty. The paper explains how this amount is going to be raised by each of two methods of solicitation: email and traditional mail solicitation. This phase of our funds drive targets the business community in Camden City. Indeed, the business community has stood by the Cathedral Kitchen since its inception in 1976(The Cathedral Kitchen). The City’s small and medium enterprises and large corporations alike have continually supported us by making donations in both cash and kind. Therefore, we are once more counting on their unceasing generous support to help us raise the initial $270,200 we need to double our intake from the current forty to eighty students. In recent years, the Cathedral Kitchen has been receiving an ever growing number of applications for the CAT program. However, given the limited capacity of the program, many qualified candidates have been turned down. Hence, the need to expand the program. Even though by doubling our intake we still may not be able to take in everyone, we believe the move is a step in the right direction. Most of our students are drawn from some of the poorest families in Camden Ci ty and elsewhere in the state of New Jersey. Therefore, by keeping a student in the CAT program, one is transforming an entire family. Our graduates are employed and serve in the

Romeo and Juliet Analysis Essay Example for Free

Romeo and Juliet Analysis Essay Throughout life, humans are put to the test and must remain true to themselves and others. In the play Romeo and Juliet, by William Shakespeare, Juliet encounters many trials and goes through several experiences. As Juliet goes through many struggles, she continues to remain loyal to her husband Romeo. Juliet remains loyal to Romeo and goes to certain extremes to remain married only to him. Juliet has been promised to marry Paris even though she is already married to Romeo. She is currently with Friar Lawrence and asking him for a way out of her promised marriage. She reasons with him saying, â€Å"’God has joined my heart and Romeo’s, thou our hands’† (4.1.56). The Friar gives her a potion to put her in a death like trance. Later on when she awakes from her trance, she discovers that Romeo has died, she says to herself, â€Å"’O, happy dagger, this is thy sheath. There rest and let me die’† (5.3.174). By gratefully accepting a poison to put her in a death like state, she is desperate and willing enough to be buried in a tomb to wait for Romeo to avoid a wedding. Once Juliet discovers Romeo dead, she is faced with marrying Paris or committing suicide to remain loyal only to Romeo. When she kills herself, she remains only wedded to Romeo. Not only is she loyal with keeping her marriage, she remains loyal when talking about him. Even when Juliet receives disastrous news, she remains true to Romeo. Juliet has just received news of her cousin’s death due to Romeo. She starts to curse him and speak badly of him but then stops and says, â€Å"’blistered be thy tongue for such a wish’† (3.2.99). Even though she is trying to cope with the death of her cousin, she continues to remain loyal to Romeo who has slain her cousin. Romeo murders her beloved cousin, and instead of her being furious at him and continuing to condemn him, she stops and defends Romeo. Rather than Juliet switching where her loyalties lie, she continues to defend Romeo and remains to love him as her husband. Throughout the several trials Juliet faces and undergoes, she perseveres and stays loyal to Romeo. Juliet is willing to go to the extremes, including death, in order to remain loyal to her husband. As she encounters times of sadness, she is able to keep thinking straight and remain faithful to Romeo. With her demonstration of loyalty, she stays committed to Romeo, which sparks other conflicts. Being loyal is required to build trust to help build a lasting relationship through the troubles till death.

Discussion Of Strategic Human Resources Management

Discussion Of Strategic Human Resources Management In this particular task we will discuss the Strategic Human Resource Management. What it is, what is the importance of SHRM in the modern business, purpose and the contribution of SHRM in the business. With the increased global competition and the innovation of new technology and knowledge ,human resource management became the most critical function of organisation. Therefore, the workforce which was considered as resources became assets and are valuable for gaining competitive advantage for organisation. HRM helps organisation in aligning individual goals and objectives with the corporate goals and objectives, and rather than working as dictator HRM works as facilitator and promotes participative approach of workforce. In short, the SHRM focuses on the efficient and effective management of people in achieving the organizations vision or purpose. Conceptually, the SHRM goes beyond a set of coordination functions and activities of an organizations human resources. One of the fundamental ideas underlying the SHRM theory is that the organization can create a strategic fit or synergy between its HR strategies and organizational strategies. In other words, the organization should be able to side with its HR strategies and policies with whatever their organization might exist for. SHRM if designed carefully can become the driving force for organizational success. For, it is the HR that stands in the key position to influence growth and development of any organization. Variables such as customers and stakeholders, the quality of products or services, revenues or development outcomes are greatly determined by HR strategies and polices. Definition of SHRM Strategic human resource management can be defined as the linking of human resources with strategic goals and objectives in order to improve business performance and develop organizational culture that foster innovation, flexibility and competitive advantage. In an organisation SHRM means accepting and involving the HR function as a strategic partner in the formulation and implementation of the companys strategies through HR activities such as recruiting, selecting, training and rewarding personnel. [ezinearticles.com,2010] Task 1.1 Importance of SHRM With the hard core competition and the tough market conditions it is getting hard for the organisations to survive in the market .organisation have to develop themselves in such a way that they can survive and gain competetive advantage over its competitors.this is where shrm comes into picture as SHRM helps in the long term planning of the business.SHRM is a proactive management of people. It is a two way process where organisation meeting need of people and employees meeting needs of organisation SHRM helps in aligning individual goals with that of organisational goals and objectives by developing the skills of the employees by training and motivating employees. SHRM have provided new dimension for training and development by encouraging and facilitating innovation and creativity. Employees are motivated by enriching their work experience . Instead of the performance Appraisal s performance and talent management have taken place. Strategic Human Resource Management blurs the distinction between a specialized Human Resource Management function and core operational activity, SHRM Aims to achieve strategic fit by integrating Hr strategies and business strategies vertically. {Adopted from: People management} DESTS Strategic Human Resource Management Framework According to survey in 2007 by Australian government a DEST Strategic Human Resource Management Framework is designed which explains the development of the department which shows to retain talented people in challenging environment department is introducing new and innovative strategies while delivering fundamental human resource services like the salaries, payroll and recruitment. A strong emphasis on leadership is used as a key strategic element to help and support for department people. the department has built and maintained a creative and engaged workforce able to deliver the growing and diverse education, science and training agenda. {Adopted from: Curtin.edu,2011} This diagram illustrates the HRM function factor are the specific factors that influence the compatability of HR practices ,while firm level factors are analysed as major determinants for matching hr activities with strategy.personal factors which embrace the capabilities of both employees and manager are identified as common determinants for both horizontal and vertical fit. Task 1.2 Purpose of SHRM The aim of SHRM is to ensure that the strategic decisions are made having a major long-term impact on the behaviour and success of the organisation by ensuring that the employees of the organisation are skilled, motivated and highly committed to achieve the organisational goals and also attain the competitive advantage against other rivals. Some of the SHRM activities are listed as below: Resourcing:SHRM main activity is to have right people to do the right job at the rightime.Main emphasis is laid on the efficiency and effectiveness of staff.resourcing is a process and pay.which have planning,recruitment, selection ,induction. Retention: once the staff is hired emphasis is laid on the retention of staff by providing them necessary training and development, by motivating them, by providing them job security ,job enlargement and using the reward management like the the performance related pay. Flexibility: employees are provided with the flxibilty of work life balance, getting job done from home, like the part tiome jobs for students and mums and the maternity or the paternity holidays and the sick holidays to retain staff. Therefore the purpose of the shrm is to deploy right people for the right task and look after the flexibilty and training and development of employees.The purpose of Shrm can only be achieved by proper planning and implementation. Task 1.3 Contribution of SHRM In todays economy the HRM plays an important role in achieving the main objective of the organization. it has lot to contribute as the policies of the organization is set by the Human resource management jointly with the approval of the senior level management hence a lot is depend on the contribution of SHRM in the organization .For any HRM to make positive contribution to the organizational achievements it is necessary that the HRM should know the business ,the core competencies and their competitive advantage along with expectations of the organization and their customers .there is a need to evaluate key drivers in the business performance . This will help the HRM in formatting the stratergic according to the need of the organization .the organizations mission and vision is the key factor For example if the organization is a Fast Food Industry where generally the vision is customer centric, customer satisfaction and the value of time. All these requires a well trained workforce usually available for the job to be done on time hence improving quality of work-life can have a substantial impact by reducing errors accidents, reducing absenteeism turnover, and improving productivity customer service. Thus contribution of the strategic human resource management in todays economy and style of business can makes substantial impact to the objectives of the organization and thus in turn participate in helping the business of the company to grow to higher limits. SHRM contribute to the paradigm of the business.Shrm provides a value added core responsibility of HRM. HR Planning: The ongoing process of systematic planning to achieve optimum use of an organizations most valuable asset its human resources.(investopedia,2011) Hr Planning assist organisations to recruit ,retain and optimize the deployment of the personnel need ed to meet the business objectives and to respond to the external environment.The three key elements of the HR planning process are forecasting labor demand, analyzing present labor supply, and balancing projected labor demand and supply. This may include the development of training and retraining strategies.(bnet,2011) Utility of Human Resource Planning in an unstable econonmic environment can be stated as follow: Employee Maintainence: Tha administration and monitoring of workplace.Safety ,Health and welfare policiesto retain competent staff and comply with the statuatory standards and regulations.Employee Maintainence gives access to the employee data in regard to the personal and workplace information. Performance Management:Accordng to Armstrong and baron -Performance Management is a process which contributes to the effective management of individuals and teams in order to achieve high levels of organisational performance. As such, it establishes shared understanding about what is to be achieved and an approach to leading and developing people which will ensure that it is achieved. Performance Management should be Strategic- About broader issues and long term goals and the Integrated -which links with the various aspects of the business ,people Management and individuals and teams. Peformance Management helps in the performance improvement and development of the individuals,teams and overall organisation.it also helps in managing behaviour iensuring that every there is better working conditions within the organisation.Performance mangament is a continuous process .Business starts of with the corporate goals and the departmental goals followed by the agreement on performance and development, leading to the development of plans betweenindividual and managers with continouous monitoring and feedback supported by formal reviews. Managers play aa important role in the performance management as they define individual behaviours ang assign duties and responsibilities and inform individuals about their accountibilities. Performance management is continuous improvement of the business processess, skills and behaviour of individuals and groups. Long Term Consequences: HR Planning main purpose is to recrit, retrain , optimise and deploy people.But HR is also responisble ethically to individuals working for the organisations.Ii has its responsibity towards individual for devolping their skills by providing them training .Training should lead the organisational effectiveness. HR is responsible towards the society for its well being following the ethical issues and the corporate governance.HR policies should be ethical and complaying with the laws. Because of the unstable Economic Environment large number of efforts are needed by the organisation sto sustain.Most of the organisations are trying to elimainate wastage like redundacy to get rid of the people who are not doing their job properly, Multitasking is pervailing and companieis are investing only on those employess who are capable and competent of multi tasking to assess sustainability. Hiring and training of new staff need lot of expenditure so companies is trying to train the staff internally from within the organisation. Task 2.1 Business Factors that underpin Human Resource Planning In an Organisation. Different business facors that underpin the Human Resource Planning in an organisation can be stated as follow: Competetive advantage: Human Resources within the organisations are treated as assets than capital.Having the Capable and Competent workforce than the competitor provides a competetive edge to organisation over the rivals. Talent management: Talent management is the systematic attraction, identification, development, engagement/ retention and deployment of those individuals who are of particular value to an organisation, either in view of their high potential for the future or because they are fulfilling business/operation-critical roles.(cipd,2011) From Business perspectives hiring those people who have the right skills that will be helpful to the organisation. Labour Market: HR Planning is affected by the labour Market which deals with the demand and supply of the skilled and unskilled workforce available in the market. Due to the Unstable economic Conditions their is to much of supply and less demand for the workforce . Strategy of the Organisation: Depending on the Strategy of the Business if they are the having a leader plan or the survival plan Hr will recruit and train staff. Finance: Heavy investment is needed in recruiting ,training and retaining staff . Different levels of management have Different raes of remuneration.According to the Finances Available to the HR Department Recriument or Training of workforce is done. Expansion or growth: Expansion or growth requires recriument and promoting of the workforce. Law: HR policies and planning has to abide by the law .Law relating to the women working, pay, holidays or the ethical issues. Internal /External Environment: Environment affect the operations and the working of the orgaistions. As the market is turbulent therefore the Hr planning is affected by the economeic conditions . Organisational need : Depending upon the structure or the culture of the organisation HR act . To provide flexibilty there can be number of part timers within the organisation. Apart from these factors HR planning is also affected by the mission and purpose of the organisation and the resource planning of the organisation. Task 2.2 HR Requirement in a given situation In a given situation HR requirement is about the workforce analysis.HR main job is to have right number of people with the right skill available for the job. Any training and development required is also analysed by the HR.HR estimates the cost of training and development. It is the responisibity of the HR to retain the staff.Basically HR is involved in all the activities related to the human resources such as recuiting,selecting, training, retaining . Task 2.3 Develop a HR Plan For an organization Organizational objectives are defined by the top management and the role of HRP is to sub serve the overall objectives by ensuring availability and utilization of human resources.   HR Demand Forecast: Helps in estimating future quantity and quality of people required. There are several good reasons to conduct demand forecasting Quantify the jobs necessary for producing a given number of goods Determine what staff-mix is required Asses appropriate staffing levels in different parts of the organization Prevent shortages of people Monitor compliance with legal requirements with regard to reservation of jobs HR Supply Forecast: Supply forecasting measure the number of people likely to be available from within and outside an organisation .Reasons for supply forecast are: Helps quantify number of people and positions expected to be available Helps clarify staff mixes that will exist in the future Assess existing staff levels in different parts of the organization Prevents shortage of people Monitors expected future compliance with legal requirements of job reservations HR Programming Once an organizations personnel and supply are forecast, the two must be reconciled or balanced in order that vacancies can be filled by the right employees at the right time. HR Plan Implementation Implementation requires converting an HR plan into action. A series of action programmes are initiated as apart of HR plan implementation. Recruitment, Selection and Placement- after the job vacancies are known, efforts must be made to identify sources and search for suitable candidates. The selection programme should be professionally designed. Training and development- The training and development programme should cover the number of trainees required and programmes necessary for existing staff Retraining and Redeployment- new skills are to be imparted to existing staff when technology changes. Retention plan- retention plan covers actions which would help reduce avoidable separations of employees. Downsizing- where there is surplus employee, trimming of labour force will be necessary Control and Evaluation Control and evaluation represents the fifth and the final stage of hrp process. It should also clarify responsibilities for implementation and control, and establish reporting procedures, which will enable achievements to be monitored against the plan. Task 2.4 Critically evaluate how a human resource plan can contribute to meeting an organisations objectives: Human Resource Planning plan for the optimum use of its human resources. HR planning therefore deals with having right people for right job at the right time. Therfore Hr is responible for fulfilling the organisational objective. Making best use of people: HR is responsible for hiring right people for the right job. Proper utilization of the capabilities of the individuals help the organisation to achieve its goal. Planning for the surplus and shortage of staff: HR plans helps the organisation about the skill and unskill labour market . If there is excess of staff then staff is made redundant or the early retirements are given to employees .but if the staff is in shortage than than the staff is hired or trained from within . Multiskilling is practised by the organisation. It is the responsibilty of the Hr to have right number of staff for the right job. Efficient utilization of people: Hr helps in the effective and efficient use of the workforce Hr helps the organisation to be cost effective by providing employees with the job rotation, job enlargement and job enrichment.Employees tend to acquire more skills by this. Succession Planning:Wendy Hirsh defines succession planning as a process by which one or more successors are identified for key posts (or groups of similar key posts), and career moves and/or development activities are planned for these successors. Successors may be fairly ready to do the job (short-term successors) or seen as having longer-term potential (long-term successors). Therefore Hr defines the right candidate to be promoted for the right post. Recriument of Efficient Staff: Talent Management is in practice which helps the organisation to gain competetive advantage over its competitors and finding the cabable and competent employee for the job. Creating a fit between the HR Strategies and business Strategy:HR need ritcto follow the policies which will help in the achievemnet of the business objectives.Strategies concerning recruiting, training, deployment and delayering should all be aliged with the business strategy to achieve business objectives. The Development and Retention of the Human resources:Beside recriument and training it is very essential for organisation to retain and develop the staff. Task 2.5 Explain the purpose of HR management policies in organisation Human resource policies are the formal rules and guidelines that businesses put in place to hire, train, assess, and reward the members of their workforce.(uslegal,2010) Rules and Norms: HR policy should follow the rules and norms and should comply with the law. Procedures- HR policies provides a clear idea about the procedures relating to the displinary. Support- HR policies provide support in regared to the working hours and the break timimngs etc. Displinary and greviaces-Policies relating to the greviances such as how the greviances by solved and what are the displinary measures and the misconduct and the gross misconduct. Performance Management: Performance management underlines the Hr policies about analysing and measuring the performance of individuals. These underline the probation time , appriasal and the reviews by the management. Employee Relations-HR policies provide support to employees in relation to any problem or information relating to the workplace. Reward Management : HR policies states the pay and remuneration of the employees and how the employees are paid . Task 2.6 Analyse the Impact of regulatory requirements on HR policies in an organisations Regulatory bodies have tremendous effect on the HR hence it is mandatory for the HR to keep the Law and regulatory authorities at priority before finalizing on HR Policies failing to do so would lead the organization into serious trouble with consequences up to heavy penalty and license being cancelled. There are a few of those policies No discrimination policy discrimination of any sort is a crime hence the HR follows the policy of no discrimination policy. Training is been given to employees on this topic which explain them what they can say or do. Equal opportunity policies where the Hr has to plan a structure to offer jobs for everyone irrespective on anything Economic : Hr sholud look after tax policies as well. Any Tax Evasion of wrong Income Shown leads to the unethical bahaviour .therefore HR policies should work ethically towards the government. Sexual or mental harassment policy: Hr takes a serious action against any employee breaking this policy Working HR Restriction policy: Hr Has to proved a contracted hours of job for immigrants that have work hour restriction for their job Social Corporate Responsibilty:it is HR responsibility to look after the welfare of the society or invest in the ecnomic infrastructure or creating jobs for the unemployed in the society. Adequate Resource and Training : HR policies should have proper measures for the training and development of workforce. Respect for employees: HR policies should support diversity in work cultures and the common law for respect for the employees and forbade the use of abusive language at work. Regular performance review: it is mandatory for the Comapnies to perform reviews of employees as it provide the idea of the working of employees. There are various policies and procedure that has to be implemented by the HR due to the legal restrictions of the government . Task 3.1 Impact of Organisational structure on HR: An organizational structure consists of activities such as task allocation, coordination and supervision, which are directed towards the achievement of organizational aims (wikipedia,2010) An organisation s structure is presented as an organisational chart which shows how management is organised vertically with layers of hierarchy and horizontally by function, product or division.There are three main types of organisational structure: tall ,hierarchical,flat hierarchical and matrix.In the centralized structure decision making power is concentrated in the top layer of management and in the decentralised structure decision making power is distributed. HR do not have much power to exercise in the traditional structure but in regard of the decentralised Hr have rights and power to exercise. Hr helps in improving the communication between managers ,supervisors and employees.It helps in allocating the roles ,powerand responsibilities are delegated ,controlled and coordinated. Task 3.2 Impact of organization culture on HR: The specific collection of values and norms that are shared by people and groups in an organization and that control the way they interact with each other and with stakeholdersHYPERLINK http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stakeholder_(corporate) outside the organization.(wikipedia,2011) Role culture also known as the Greek temple ; classical structure, bureaucratic nature, roles more important that the people who fill them. Position power predominates and expert power tolerated. This culture serves the cause of structure.This type of culture is normally for the Army or the Home Office. Hr define the role properly for every individuals. Task culture also known as the Net; the focus is on completing the job. Individuals expertise and contribution are highly valued. Expert power predominates, but both personal and position power are important. The unifying force of the group is manifested in high levels of collaboration. NHS nurses and doctor are the examples of the tash culture.There is continouous training needed for the jobs. Person culture also known as a Cluster or Galaxy; a loose collection of individuals usually professionals sharing common facilities but pursuing own goals separately. Power is not really an issue, since members are experts in their own right. This type of culture serves the individual. Accountant,businessman are the examples.No hr is needed for the person culture as the individuals take their own decision and do not require any staff. Task 3.3 How effectiveness of HR is monitored:- Performance appraisal (PA) is one of the important components in the rational and systemic process of human resource management. The information obtained through performance appraisal provides foundations for recruiting and selecting new hires, training and development of existing staff, and motivating and maintaining a quality work force by adequately and properly rewarding their performance. There are two primary purposes of performance appraisal: evaluative and developmental. The evaluative purpose is intended to inform people of their performance standing. The collected performance data is used to reward high performance. The developmental purpose is intended to identify problems in employees performing the assigned task. The collected performance data is used for training and development purposes.The effectiveness of HR can be monitored by auditing the following functions of the Human resources like Hiring Procedures/Recruitment/Interviewing:- the quality of the hiring procedure ,recruitment and the interviewing criteria Reference Checking Process :- To thoroughly check the reference provided by the employee New Employee Orientation Program:- the Quality of the orientation programmed for fresh employees Salary Reviews/Compensation Issues :- the Time Taken to provide solution to these issues Employee Benefits Programs :- Are these programmed Worth for the employees HR Policies and Procedures :- their Adherence quality Employee Handbook :- How well it is reviewed Job Descriptions for Key Positions:- if the employees know about their duties and responsibilities. Cross Training :- Quality of Checking if the training was worthy enough for the employee Skills Assessments : criteria to assess the skills of the employee Staff Mentoring : the degree or the quality of mentoring provided to the staff by the HR if situation arises where a staff needs mentoring (htr,2010) Task 3.4 Recommendation to improve the effectiveness of HRM Below are some recommendations Have a check on the composition of the audit team which audits the performance of the HR. have a member of HR in the team representing the HR Review the values and the Mission statements of the HR Review the effectiveness of the Hr policies in getting the polices adhere to the desired result KPIs ( Key performance indicators should be set for Hr functions and should be monitored performance monitoring for the implementation for the planning made by the HR in the next six months also implementation and proper execution of the trading or other activity assigned for the employees. The time or the period taken by the HR to solve or rectify or address a query shall also be monitored and their follow up for the same has to be made. Appointing a consultant to examine the HR of a given Company would be a better option Conclusion Human Resource Planning helps ,in selection,recruiting,training and appraising . HR department helps the organisation to gain competetive advantage over its competitor by selecting the employees with the right skill to do the right job. HR now a days is focussing more on the talent management.Concepts like psycological contract ,learning organisations are getting into practise to increase the efficiency and productivity of employees. Refrences: Inroduction of SHRM available[online] http://www.rim.edu.bt/Publication/Archive/rigphel/rigphel2/people_mgt.htm [accessed 24th January 2011] Image of organisational culture adopted [online]http://changeworksblog.com/category/viral-change-change-management/ accessed [14th January 2011] defination of personnel management available [online]http://www.businessdictionary.com/definition/personnel-management.html accessed[ 14th January 2011] HRM Available[online]http://humanresources.about.com/od/glossaryh/f/hr_management.htm [accessed 24th January 2011] Defination of SHRM avaliable [online]http://ezinearticles.com/?What-is-Strategic-Human-Resource-Management?HYPERLINK http://ezinearticles.com/?What-is-Strategic-Human-Resource-Management?id=549585HYPERLINK http://ezinearticles.com/?What-is-Strategic-Human-Resource-Management?id=549585id=549585 accessed [14th January 2010] HR Planning Available[online]http://www.bnet.com/topics/human+resource+planning accessed[24th January 2011] Image of HR Available [online] http://rphrm.curtin.edu.au/2006/issue2/strategic.html[Accessed 18th January 2011] HR Planning Available(online)http://www.investopedia.com/terms/h/human-resource-planning.asp [accessed 24th January 2011] Utility of HR Planning available[online]http://www.cipd.co.uk/subjects/perfmangmt/general/perfman.htm [accessed 24th January 2011] Talent Management Available[online]http://www.cipd.co.uk/subjects/recruitmen/general/talent-management.htm?IsSrchRes=1 [Accessed 25thJanuary 2011] Human Resource Policies Available[online] http://definitions.uslegal.com/h/human-resource-policies/ [Accessed 25th January 2011] Organisational structure Available[online]http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organisational_structure [Accessed 25th January 2011] Defination of Organisational Culture Available[online] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organizational_culture [Accessed 25th January 2011] HR Effectiveness Available[online]http://www.htr.org/hrmanagement.asp [accessed25th January 2011] Doherty N.,Tyson S.,1999Human Resource Excellence.,Cranfield School of Mnagement.,Financial TimesManagement. Anthony P.W.et al.,1995.Strategic Human Resource Management,Dryden Press. Image of Evolution of SHRM available [online] http://www.brighthub.com/office/project-management/articles/77199.aspx?p=2 [accessed 18th January 2011] DEST Strategic Human Resource management Framework Available[online] http://www.annualreport2007.dest.gov.au/chapter_eight/people_management.htm [accessed 18th January 2011] Workforce planning Available[online] http://www.cciq.com.au/Business-Skills/Adult-Learning/What-training-is-right-for-your-business[ Accessed 19th January 2011]