The Language Of Shop Signs English Language Essay

The Language Of Shop Signs English Language Essay In the current investigation, the phonetic scene will be built up as a field of sociolinguistic request. The emphasis will be on one part of urban language contact on composed medium: the language of Tunisian shop signs. This paper will likewise analyze the impact of such practice on youthful Tunisian individuals. The expansive goal is to examine the current status of English in connection and conversely with French and Tunisian Arabic. 1.2. Foundation Numerous examinations have been directed to explore the utilization of unknown dialects on private shop signs and shows (Dimova, 2007; Hasnova, 2010; McArthur, 2000; Stewart and Fawcett, 2004; Schlick, 2002). McArthur (2000) analyzed this sociolinguistic practice in Sweden and Switzerland, Stewart and Fawcett (2004) in northern Portugal, McGregor (2003) in Japan. Regular sociolinguistic examples are watched. This confirmations the significant impact of globalization on visual part of exchange. Researchers inspired by LL show contrasts in viewpoints. Some of them decide to contrast the discoveries between urban areas having a place with a similar nation; while others limit their examination to the shop signs that exist in a solitary city. The correlation between urban communities will be then attracted pending investigations. There are additionally researchers like Schlick (2000) and McGregor (2003) who restrict their overviews to look at the level of the utilization of remote terms on shop signs. Others like Dimova (2007) further investigate whether there is a connection between's the dialects utilized and sorts of shop. Method of reasoning The etymological scene is a piece of our ordinary experience and its significance as a social practice has been neglected by sociolinguists. The investigation of LL illuminates the semantic circumstance winning in a specific territory. Torkington ( 2009) keeps up that through an assessment of these practices that representative force relations might be uncovered (Torkington, 2009:123). This examination will at that point use LL as a stage for sociolinguistic investigation. Expected youthful perusers will be given voice through a poll investigating their mentalities towards the dialects utilized on shop signs when all is said in done, and English language specifically. The city is commonly known as a position of language contact. Tunis focus frames then an ideal field of examination. In addition to the fact that it is a spot for talk a spot where composed structures do exist. From a scholarly point of view, composing is of equivalent significance to the expressed mode. Open composed signs give helpful relevant data relating to the examined condition. They would assist the specialist with decoding the multilingual circumstance. Along these lines, the examination of the cityscape or one component thereof would give a one of a kind viewpoint on the concurrence and rivalry of various dialects and their contents, and how they associate and meddle with one another in a given spot (Backhaus, 2007:145). Language disposition among expected youthful perusers will be thought about. It will be explored to know whether visual interfaces impact language convictions of these individuals. This stems from the general presumption that more youthful age is intrigued by visuals. Alongside the examination of shop signs, language demeanor examination will ideally give a progressively significant image of the multilingual circumstance in Tunis. Conventional sociolinguistics is outfitted towards investigating parts of discourse, for example, articulation and emphasize, so as to decide how language assortments are communicated and spoken to inside networks. LL research (Backhaus, 2007; Gorter Shohamy, 2009), then again, looks at language in its composed structure. Its expansive target is to decide the level of multilingualism found on road signage in a particular zone. The current investigation will be not quite the same as point of reference sociolinguistic examinations that emphasis on communicated in method of a language or an assortment to the detriment of its composed structure. It will analyze contents showed on shop signs in Tunis. Writing survey This writing survey presents the idea of phonetic scene research according to sociolinguistics. It analyzes the likenesses between etymological scene and publicizing. It likewise talks about various exact examinations identified with one segment of LL: the language of shop signs. It at long last handles language perspectives corresponding to shop signs. 2.1. Etymological scene and Sociolinguistic: Sociolinguistics is the investigation of language according to society (Hudson, 1996). One of the key estimations of this field is the social setting where language is found out or utilized. Sociolinguists study language according to social factors, for example, age, sexual orientation, class, social separation, and societal position. They are additionally worried about recognizing the social elements of language and the manner in which they are utilized to pass on social implications. In any case, note that sociolinguistics centers around discourse to the detriment of composed type of language. The predisposition is shown even in the meaning of language. The language is the thing that the individuals from a specific culture speak (Wardhaugh, 2010:1). The investigation of open signage has risen probably in the seventies. Be that as it may, the term etymological scene was presented via Landry and Bourhis (1997). Semantic scene is additionally utilized reciprocally with the term cityscape in light of the fact that the standard of LL writing chooses urban open space as a position of examination (Coulmas 2009: 13). The LL research is for the most part engaging: it watches and records how language is really utilized. Coulmas (2009:14) characterizes LL research as the investigation of compositions on shows in the open circle. The constituents of LL are increasingly point by point in the meaning of Landry and Bourhis as follow: The language of open street signs, promoting bulletins, road names, place names, business shop signs, and open signs on government structures joins to frame the LL of a given region, area, or urban agglomeration(Landry and Bourhis 1997: 25; as refered to in Backhaus, 2007:9). Ben-Rafael et al (2006) discredit this definition as it comprises of writings that are just outside structures. They keep up that LL joins signs that are inside and outside open establishments or private organizations. Sociolinguistics and LL research have ongoing ideas. The two of them look to see how language is really utilized. They additionally center around urbanized settings as a position of examination. They might be then consolidated to investigate conveyance of dialects and assortments in the city. Language in open signage can be a prolific ground for sociolinguistic examination. The investigation of LL may even assistance the sociolinguist to more comprehend the nexus between language use in open signage and other social qualities like personality. 2.2. Shop signs as opposed to promoting An effective advertisement is required to achieve five capacities: standing out, telling enthusiasm, making want, and inciting activity (Vestergaard Schroder 1985:1, as refered to in Sandhya, 2000). In like manner, a business name is acceptable on the off chance that it prevails to grab the attention of the peruser, invigorates their longing to purchase merchandise from the shop. It's anything but an arbitrary utilization of words and articulations, but instead a workmanship that intends to grab the perusers attention. Retailers are positively mindful that language has a ground-breaking impact over individuals and their conduct. They attempt to be specific when naming their shops. They will in general use eye-getting expressions and word-triggers. Economy of words is additionally to be mulled over. Business naming resembles regular promotions, in that the language being used may not be right. Business names are then a type of show promoting. Be that as it may, this sort of advertisem ents has certain particularity. It doesn't embrace any prescriptive or standardizing way to deal with language use (Bhatia, 1987:35, as refered to in Thonus: 1991). 2.3. Anglicization of shop signs: With the developing enthusiasm for the idea of signage in open circle, there have seemed various fascinating articles with regards to different diaries, particularly in English Today. The majority of them center around English spread in condition space when all is said in done and on shop signs specifically. This spread is clearly because of the political and logical intensity of United States (Thonus, 1991). The intrigue of Anglo-American societies, way of life and qualities has additionally supported the status of English language around the world (McArthur, 2000). In Portugal, shop signs are for the most part monolingual; generally are in Portuguese and the bigger leftover portion is in English (10%) (Stewart and Fawcett, 2004: 57). Two striking highlights are portrayed in the previously mentioned examination. To begin with, the six researched urban communities are close to Spain, however Spanish words were never observed on any shop sign. Second, about 66% of English shop signs showed Snack bar. This shows the absence of innovativeness. The creators found that even stop finishes paperwork for the control of traffic in Portugal and those in United States are the equivalent. This discovers the across the board of English language in Portuguese shop signs, however in the general Portuguese scene. Indeed, even Post-Soviet states, similar to Uzbekistan, no longer view English language as the language of Western dominion yet a language of innovation and elitism (Hasanova, 2010:1). Hasanova (2010) inspected 97 shop signs dissipated in five areas in Bukhara, Uzbekistan. The quantity of shop signs in English (55.6%) is a higher priority than those in local dialects: Uzbek(17.5%) and Russian(24.7%). One may find this is irregular to the extent that English in not so much as a second language in the nation. As indicated by the creator, English language is richly utilized in shop signs since it is the most broadly learned unknown dialect in Uzbekistan. It is qualified to make reference to that English language show up on indications of stores as well as before bazaar secured slows down. The prevalence of English language is shown as far as recurrence and appearance. This is showed in non-English works that show up in little contents over the overhangs and marquees of the explored shop s. B

Marketing portion update for a Electronic Medical record Business plan Research Paper

Advertising segment update for an Electronic Medical record Business plan - Research Paper Example So as to check this, the foundation of medication proposed that EMR ought to be executed consistently in the business to improve the productivity of guardians. (Erickstad et al, 2011). Target Markets The assessment of the objective market must be led based on significant factors that basically characterize the attributes of the market to improve the accomplishment of advertising destinations that have been delineated in this arrangement. Geographic Segmentation †Domestic and International The most huge strategy for division which has been found throughout this exploration in connection with EMR is that of geographic division. Research by Accenture has anticipated that the nations that are destined to build their utilization of EMR are for the most part the Nordics, Australia just as Spain since they are as of now driving in adaption of the equivalent. Then again, the United States is relied upon to overwhelm even these countries in the utilization of Hospital based EMRs in befor e the year's over 2013. Expected Growth The previously mentioned showcase fragments that have been portrayed based on their area have shown changing degrees of development nonetheless, a comparative element in such manner is that each section is relied upon to extend despite the fact that, the degree of this extension may be unique and as per the improvement of the social insurance framework in the distinguished districts. The biggest potential objective markets are the emergency clinics updating their frameworks and joining EMR innovation; while the hazard is high, the prizes will undoubtedly be relatively high also. Also, enormous markets with huge development potential particularly in clinical help where the support is re-appropriates ideally by little players would give a favorable objective market to the EMR innovation both from a household and worldwide point of view. Qualities of Customers Since the objective market doesn't include the interest of individual shoppers, the sig nificant division factors for buyer markets, for example, segment, psychographic and conduct variables would be improper to apply completely nonetheless, standards of conduct recommend that the customer’s demeanor towards the item would be certain, with an availability stage at which they are educated about its latent capacity benefits and comprehend the advantages of the item. Absolute Market Valuation The development pattern in residential and global markets for EMR infers that the market estimation of every one of the distinguished districts is going to increment in coming years which is a positive sign for the organization. As indicated by inquire about based computations and market evaluations the potential estimation of the market for EMR in the United States presently remains at a faltering $17 billion. This figure has been gotten from earlier counts which detailed the market an incentive to be $15.7 in 2010. Thusly, comparable perceptions are normal for nations, for e xample, Australia and Spain. In any case, swelling rate, swapping scale vacillations and outer factors, for example, charges must be considered before showing up at solid figures. All out Company Revenue The company’s responsibility to the customer is the arrangement of a great item and our commitment isn't constrained to the conveyance and establishment of the item yet it additionally stretches out to a broad time of administration. The essential expenses of EMR that the customer will cause once a request for the item is put are isolated among the accompanying classifications:

3 Tips for Managing Money in the Gig Economy

3 Tips for Managing Money in the Gig Economy 3 Tips for Managing Money in the Gig Economy 3 Tips for Managing Money in the Gig EconomyIf youre not budgeting your money properly and building up your savings, you could end up struggling to make it from one paycheck to the next.As you’ve likely heard, participation in the gig economyâ€"short-term contracts, temp work, freelancing, and the likeâ€"is exploding. Recent studies estimate that 25 to 30 percent of all workers have done some form of independent work in the last month.There is no one type of gig workerâ€"they span all ages, genders, races, and levels of socioeconomic status. Some people rely on gig work because they cannot find full-time traditional employment that pays the bills. Other gig workers don’t want to find traditional, preferring the flexibility and control that gig work provides.Whatever your reasons for getting into gig work, the challenges it poses cannot be overlooked. Workloads are often unreliable and paychecks may be unsteady, which means proper money management is of the utmost importance.Due t o the work’s inherent unpredictability, gig workers can be vulnerable to risky loan products such as no credit check loans and bad credit loans. These short-term loans are often called payday loans because they are marketed as cash advances on paychecks for when money gets tight at the end of the monthâ€"a real concern for many gig workers.These loans may seem like a “band-aid” option for a gig worker trying to make ends meet while they chase down a paycheck or struggle to scrape together enough paying jobs. But between their sky-high interest rates and hidden fees, these loans can be more like a debt trap recipeâ€"and they are better avoided if at all possible.How do you avoid short-term, high-interest loans? We’re glad you asked. The trick is stellar money management, and we have a few financial tips specifically designed for gig workers.1. Define necessities.Everyone needs a budgetâ€"a way to track money in and money outâ€"but it is even more important for folks with fluc tuating monthly income, like gig workers. According to Jacob Dayan, CEO and co-founder of  Community Tax (@communitytaxllc) and  Finance Pal, “the first step to creating a budget based on a fluctuating income is to know what expenses you absolutely need to cover each month.” These are expenses related to things like housing, groceries, bills, and transportation.Marina Babaian, the founder and CEO of Mbridge Consulting Groupâ€"a woman-owned business and consulting firm that provides accounting, payroll, and business management services to start-ups, small, and medium-sized businessesâ€"agrees.She recommends eliminating all unnecessary expenses, including subscriptions (sorry Netflix!), to make sure you have a really good fix on what you actually need to spend. “A monthly or even weekly budget is needed to understand what your necessities are,” she says. Once those are mapped out, the trick is to spend accordingly.After your necessary expenses are covered, Dayan suggests worki ng “some savings into your budget as well, no matter how small.” He recommends a technique called the 50/30/20 rule: “50 percent of your income for necessities, 30 percent for discretionary spending, and 20 percent for savings.”It may seem unnecessary or difficult at first, but building a cushion will help in the future when an unexpected expense or lull in work crops up.2. Save for taxes.Don’t forget another key expense: taxes. “When you are self-employed,” explains Dayan, “you don’t have the ‘luxury’ of your taxes being automatically deducted from each paycheck.” You have to pay them all yourself, usually in quarterly installments. Additionally, without the help of an employer paying a portion of your taxes, you’ll be covering the whole burden yourself.This means you’ll likely owe the IRS and your state more taxes than you are used to. Dayan recommends setting aside a full “25 to 30 percent of your income so that when it comes time to pay your taxes, it’s already taken care of and you won’t have to worry about where the money is coming from.”Earlier this year, the IRS announced plans to “focus on self-employment tax compliance.” According to an audit they did, the agency found that noncompliance from gig workers contributed $69 billion to the annual tax gap, which is the difference between taxpayers owe and what they actually paid.Dayan suggests opening a separate bank account that is specifically for your taxes. That way, you won’t accidentally spend the money you need to pay your tax bill and end up owing the IRS even more money in fines. If you save too much, then you’ll have a bit left over to put in savings for that inevitable rainy day.3. Maintain or build good credit.“It is essential that while working in temp jobs your credit remains good,” says Babaian. “If times get tough, youre going to need good credit to give you some flexibility.” Good credit is essential to get the best terms on installment l oans, such as auto loans, mortgages, and personal loans.A 2017 poll by Upwork found that paycheck instability led 63 percent of full-time freelancers to dip into savings at least once per month (compared to only 20 percent of full-time non-freelancers). But what if you’re one of the 51 percent of workers who don’t have much in the way of savings?You may turn to something like a credit card if you can qualify for oneâ€"and that is all well and good if you can keep up with the payments. If not, credit card debt can start impacting your credit score, which will make it even harder in the future to find financial products that you qualify for. Credit card debt, by the way, is at a record highâ€"the average American holds a balance of more than $6,000.“If youre struggling to pay off your credit card balances,” says Babaian, even paying “one dollar over the minimum balance requirement will keep your credit rising.”Short-term solutions may be especially appealing to young peopl e who haven’t had time to establish good credit and may already have a sizable chunk of debt in the form of student loans. This is a big concern for a lot of gig workers, seeing as 47 percent of all millennials work in the gig economy, according to that same Upwork poll.At the end of the day, it’s important that gig workers manage their fluctuating income wisely. This means having a good fix on your necessities and creating a budget, making sure you stay on top of your taxes, and trying to maintain or improve your credit as best you can.To learn more about managing your money, check out  these other posts and articles from OppLoans:Save More Money with These 40 Expert TipsHow to Raise Your Credit Score by 100 PointsBuilding Your Financial Life: Budgeting for BeginnersEmergency Funds Are Important: Here’s How to Start Building OneDo you have a personal finance question youd like us to answer? Let us know! You can find us  on  Facebook  and  Twitter.  |InstagramContributorsJacob Dayan is the CEO and Co-Founder of  Community Tax, LLC (@communitytaxllc) and  Finance Pal, LLC. He began his career in Wall Street New York at Bear Stearns working in the Financial Analytics and Structured Transactions group. He continued to work in Wall Street until early 2009. When he then left New York and returned to Chicago to be with his family and pursue his lifelong dream  of self-employment. There he co-founded Community Tax, LLC followed by Finance Pal in late 2018.Marina Babaian is the founder of  Mbridge Consulting Group and its lead CPA. She has a diverse background working with highly regulated fintech companies, global start-ups, corporations, and dozens of public and private organizations. She began her career in the start-up sector and has risen to become a leading subject matter expert in that world. Being an alumnus of Woodbury University, she’s taken an unconventional approach to traditional accounting practices through innovation and creativity. Working with various industries and companies, Marina discovered what many companies lack and that is a proper infrastructure and fundamentals needed to help a company become scalable due to the high cost and low resources. She has bottled her success to a science and has formed the Mbridge Consulting Group to solve this problem.

Childhood Memories in Nikki-rosa by Nikki Giovanni Essay

The poem, â€Å"Nikki-rosa† written by Nikki Giovanni, an African American poet, who was born in 1943. During the sixties, she emerged as a black poet whose militancy during the civil rights movement made her immensely popular. In 1968, she published the poem â€Å"Nikki-rosa†. In the poem â€Å"Nikki-rosa†, she uses her childhood as the basis of this story. Nikki-rosa communicates through her childhood memories, the belief that white people and black people have fundamentally different ideas about wealth and happiness. That white people and black people see their personal life experiences differently. Wealth for black people is love, family, and togetherness; not tangible items. The sense of community and acceptance was more valuable than having even an†¦show more content†¦There is no verse in the poem, but there is a rhythm that emerges when read aloud. The author uses a negative, positive pattern throughout the majority of the poem, which, accentuate s the differences between her positive feeling about the memory, vs. the white author’s perception of the memory. The author uses tone and images throughout to compare and contrast the concepts of â€Å"black wealth† and a â€Å"hard life†. The author combines the use of images with blunt word combinations to make her point; for example, â€Å"you always remember things like living in Woodlawn with no inside toilet†. This image evokes the warmth of remembering a special community with the negative, have to use outdoor facilities. Another example of this combination of tone and imagery is â€Å"how good the water felt when you got your bath from one of those big tubs that folk in Chicago barbecue in†. Again the author’s positive memory is of feeling fresh after her bath combined with a negative, the fact that it was a barbecue drum. The author uses the notion of the â€Å"whole family attended meetings about Hollydale† again to reiterate not just the importance of the family, but the community itself and its importance in the culture. The community is a part of what the author calls â€Å"black love†, which is part, of the poem’s intention. â€Å"Black love† meaning that being together, having joyous holidays together, a sense of community and supporting each other is equivalent to wealth. All of the imagesShow MoreRelatedBlack and White Peoples Contrasting Ideas About Wealth and Happiness Depicted in the Poem Nikki-Rosa713 Words   |  3 PagesIn the poem â€Å"Nikki-Rosa† by Nikki Giovanni, the poet communicates through her childhood memories her belief that white people and black people have fundamentally different ideas about wealth and happiness. Along with her words, she uses structure, tone and imagery to convey her belief that white people and black people see their personal life-experiences differently. Wealth for black people is love, family, and togetherness, not tangible items. A sense of community and acceptance of one another areRead MoreOne Significant Change That Has Occurred in the World Between 1900 and 2005. Explain the Impact This Change Has Made on Our Lives and Why It Is an Important Change.163893 Words   |  656 PagesE SSAYS ON TWENTIETH-C ENTURY H ISTORY In the series Critical Perspectives on the Past, edited by Susan Porter Benson, Stephen Brier, and Roy Rosenzweig Also in this series: Paula Hamilton and Linda Shopes, eds., Oral History and Public Memories Tiffany Ruby Patterson, Zora Neale Hurston and a History of Southern Life Lisa M. Fine, The Story of Reo Joe: Work, Kin, and Community in Autotown, U.S.A. Van Gosse and Richard Moser, eds., The World the Sixties Made: Politics and Culture in

U.s. National Debt, And Overseas Outsourcing - 1853 Words

It has become increasing undeniable that the process of globalization is present, and a strong force in the international market. â€Å"Globalization†, according to the Merriam-Webster dictionary, is defined as, â€Å" the development of an increasingly global economy especially by free trade, free flow of capital, and the tapping of cheaper foreign labor markets†. Before the start of the 1990’s, the United States had little competition in the international marketplace, and was as strong as ever. Globalization has opened the international market to cheap land and labor outside the United States. Corporations and businesses have outsourced many jobs from the United States labor markets, at the expense of United States labor. One of the biggest questions facing America today is if it is ready for Globalization. I believe that we are not ready for a variety of reasons, but there are a few that stand out in my mind. 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Report on Prime Bank Free Essays

string(218) " the credit proceeds to dispatch the required goods the buyer and after that, has to present the documents evidencing dispatching of goods to the negotiating bank on or before the stipulated expiry date of the credit\." CHAPTER-SIX SERVICES OFFERED BY FOREIGN EXCHANGE DIVISION 5. 1 Meaning of Foreign Exchange Foreign Exchange means exchange foreign currency between two countries. If we consider ‘Foreign Exchange’ as a subject, then it means all kind of transactions related to foreign currency. We will write a custom essay sample on Report on Prime Bank or any similar topic only for you Order Now In other wards foreign exchange deals with foreign financial transactions. H. E. Evitt defined â€Å"Foreign Exchange† as the means and methods by which rights to wealth expressed in terms of the currency of one country are converted into rights to wealth in terms of the currency of another country 5. 2-Activities of foreign exchange: There are three kinds of foreign exchange transactions: Import. Export. Remittance. 5. 3 Local Regulations for foreign exchange. Foreign exchange transactions are being controlled by the following rules regulations: ? Foreign Exchange regulation act 1947. ? Bangladesh Bank issues foreign exchange circular from time to time to control the export, import remittance business. ? Ministries of commerce issues export import policy giving basic formalities for import export business. ? Sometime CCIE issues public notice for any kind of change in foreign exchange transaction. Bangladesh bank published two volumes in 1996. This is compilation of the instructions to be followed by the authorized dealers in transitions related to foreign exchange. 5. 4 Parties involved in Documentary Credit: The parties are: ? The Issuing Bank, ? The Confirming Bank, if any, and ? The Beneficiary. ? The Applicant, ? The Advising Bank, ? The Nominated Paying/ Accepting Bank, and ? The Transferring Bank, if a ny. i. Importer – Buyer Who applies for opening the L/C. ii. Issuing Bank – It is the bank which opens/issues a L/C on behalf of the importer. ii. Confirming Bank – It is the bank, which adds its confirmation to the credit and it is done at the request of issuing bank. Confirming bank may or may not be advising bank. iv. Advising / Notifying Bank – is the bank through which the L/C is advised to the exporters. This bank is actually situated in exporters country. It may also assume the role of confirming and / or negotiating bank depending upon the condition of the credit. v. Negotiating Bank – is the bank, which negotiates the bill and pays the amount of the beneficiary. The advising bank and the negotiating bank may or may not be the same. Sometimes it can also be confirming bank. vi. Paying / Accepting Bank – is the bank on which the bill will be drawn (as per condition of the credit). Usually it is the issuing bank. vii. Reimbursing bank – is the bank, which would reimburse the negotiating bank after getting payment – instructions from issuing bank. 5. 5 IMPORT: Under the import policy of Bangladesh the Importer has get the valid Import Registration Certificate (IRC) from the Chief Control of Import Export (CCIE). 5. 5. 1- Letter of credit: Letter of Credit means any arrangement whereby a Bank (the issuing Bank) is committed (on behalf of the buyer/applicant) to pay certain amount at the seller’s disposal under some agreed conditions. 5. 5. 2 – Types of documentary credit: Documentary credit may be of three types. †¢ Revocable credit. †¢ Irrevocable credit. †¢ Add confirmed credit. Revocable credit: This type of credit can be cancelled or amended at any time by the issuing Bank without prior notice to the seller. It is not now in use. Irrevocable credit: This type of credit can’t be cancelled or amended by the issuing Bank without the agreement of parties concerned thereto. All the credits issued in our country are of irrevocable nature. Add confirmed credit: When a third Bank provides guarantee to the beneficiary to make payment, if issuing Bank fail to make payment, the L/C is called confirmed L/C. In case of a confirmed L/C a third Bank adds their confirmation to the beneficiary, to make payment, in addition to that of issuing Bank. Confirmed L/C gives the beneficiary a double assurance of payment. 5. 5. 3 Special documentary credit. There are some other special documentary credits that are given below: †¢ Revolving credit. †¢ Transferable credit. Back- to- Back credit. Revolving credit: Which provides for restoring the credit to the original amount after it has been utilized. Transferable credit: If the word ‘Transferable’ incorporated in an L/C, then the L/C is transferable. The first beneficiary can transfer transferable L/C to second beneficiary. But second beneficiary cannot transfer it further to another beneficiary. Back -To- Back credit: The Back To Back is a new credit opened on the bases of an original credit in favor of other beneficiary; under this concept the seller of the first credit offers it as security to the issuing Bank for the assurance of the second credit. The beneficiary of the back-to-back credit may be located inside or outside the original beneficiary’s country. 5. 5. 4 Operations of Documentary Letters of Credit: The following five major steps are involved in the operation of a documentary letter of credit: ? Opening. ? Advising. ? Amendment. ? Presentation. ? Settlement. Opening of Letter of Credit: Opening of letter of credit means, at the request of the applicant (importer) issuance of a L/C in favour of the beneficiary (exporter) by a Bank. The Bank, which open or issue L/C opening Bank or issuing Bank. L/C Advising: Advising through a Bank is a proof of evident authenticity of the credit to the seller. The process of advising a credit consists of forwarding the original credit to the beneficiary to whom it is addressed. Before forwarding the advising Bank verify the signature (s) of the officer (s) of the issuing Bank ensure that the terms condition are not in violation of existing exchange control regulation the other regulation relating to export. If credit is transmitted via telex, advising Bank will match the test used in the telex. Amendment of Credit: Parties involved in a L/C, particularly the seller and the buyer, cannot always satisfy the terms and conditions in full as expected due to some obvious and genuine reasons. In such a situation, the credit should be amended. Presentation of Document: The seller being satisfied with the terms and conditions of the credit proceeds to dispatch the required goods the buyer and after that, has to present the documents evidencing dispatching of goods to the negotiating bank on or before the stipulated expiry date of the credit. You read "Report on Prime Bank" in category "Papers" After receiving the entire document, the negotiating bank then checks the documents against the credit. If the documents are found in order, the bank will pay, accept or negotiate to the issuing bank. The issuing bank also checks the documents and if they are found as per credit requirements, either effects payment, or reimburse in the pre-agreed manner. Lodgment: If import documents found in order, it to be made entry in the bill register and necessary voucher to be passed, putting bill number on the documents, these processes is called lodgment of the bill. Since the documents stay at this stage for a temporary period i. . up to retirement of the documents, the process is called lodgment. Bank must lodge the documents immediate after receipt of the dame, not exceeding seven (7) Banking days, following the day of receipt of the documents. Retirement of Import documents: When the importer releases the import document from the Bank by acceptance/cash payment or under post import Bank finance it is known as retirement of the import document. Refusal Notice: After examination, if the documents become discrepant, issuing Bank will through the refusal notice to the negotiating Bank with seven Banking days. Settlement: Settlement means fulfilling the commitment of issuing Bank in regard to effecting payment subject to satisfying the credit terms fully. This settlement may be done three separate arrangements as stipulated in the credit. 5. 6 Import Financing: The post import finance extends the import credit in the following forms: ? PAD (Payment against documents). ? LTR (Loan against trust receipt). ? LIM (Loan against import merchandise) 5. 6. 1 Payment Against Document (PAD): PAD Loan is created upon lodgment of import documents. This Loan is created for 21 days -the time being the tolerance for taking documents for the importer. If after 21 days the documents are not taken by the importer, the Bank may sell the imported goods to recover the given amount. 5. 6. 2 Loan Against Trust Receipt (L. T. R): Under this, Loan is allowed only to first class importers. Here only on the basis of trust without paying the Bank anything or a partial amount, the importer takes the documents. Then importer is allowed 60-90 days time to make payment. 5. 6. 3. Loan Against Imported Merchandise (LIM): Advance (Loan) against the security of merchandise imported through the Bank may be allowed either on pledge or hypothecation of goods, retaining margin prescribed on their Landed Cost, depending on their categories and Credit Restriction imposed by the Bangladesh Bank. Bank shall also obtain a letter of undertaking and indemnity from the parties, before getting the goods cleared through LIM Account. 5. 7 Export Under the export policy of Bangladesh, the exporter has to get the valid export registration certificate (ERC) from chief controller of export import (CCIE). The ERC is required to renew every year. The ERC number is to be incorporated on export Form other paper connected with exports. 5. 7. 1-Receiving the letter of credit: After getting contract for sale, exporter should ask the buyer for L/C clearly stating terms condition of export payment. 5. 7. 2 – Procuring the materials: After knowing that the L/C has opened in his favor, the next step for the exporter is to set about the task of procuring or manufacturing the contracted merchandise. If the exporter has to procure the raw materials from another supplier (local or abroad) he has to open Back-to-Back L/C. 5. . 3 -Back-to-Back L/C: Back-to-Back L/C is one type of L/C, which is opened against lien on a valid export L/C. It is opened for inland abroad as well. Bank will supply the following papers/documents for opening a Back-to-Back L/C: ? L/C application form. ? LCA form. ? IMP form. ? Charge document papers. The above papers must be completed, filled signed by the party thereto. The party will submit the entire filled document along with application in printed form of the designated Bank. Which is also an agreement between applicant the Bank. Procuring the materials: After making the deal on having the L/C opened in his favor, the next step for the exporter is to set about the task of procuring or manufacturing the contracted merchandise. 5. 8 Export Financing An exporter is one who exports the goods to another customer whether in domestic country or in abroad. In exporting the stipulated goods he may require financing. So export financing may be required at two stages. Pre shipment credit. Post shipment credit 5. 8. 1 Pre shipment credit: Pre shipment credit is the credit, which is given to finance the export activities of an exporter for the actual shipment of goods. The purpose of each credit is to meet the working capital needs from the procuring of raw materials to the transportation of goods for the export the foreign country. Before sanctioning of that credit the Bank takes into consideration the credit worthiness, export performance of the exporters together worthiness all other information required for sanctioning the credit in accordance with the existing rules regulations. Pre shipment credit takes the following forms: ? Export cash credit (Hypothecation). ? Export cash credit (Pledge). ? Export packing credit. ? Back-to-Back letter of credit. Export cash credit (Hypothecation): Under this arrangement the Bank sanction the Loan to the first class exporter because there is no security against this Loan. The letter of hypothecation creates a charge against the merchandise in favor of the Bank but neither the ownership not the possession is passed to it ( Export cash credit (Pledge): Under this arrangement the Bank advance Loan to exporter against pledge of raw materials or exportable goods. The exporter surrenders the physical possession of goods under Bank’s effective control till the payment of dues to the Bank as security. If the exporter does not able to pay the Loan the Bank can sell the exportable goods to recover the amount. ( Packing credit: Under this arrangement credit facilities are extended against security of Railway receipt/Steamer receipt/Truck receipt/Vessel receipt, evidencing transportation of goods to the port for shipment of the goods in addition to the usual charge documents lien of export letter of credit. This type of credit is sanctioned for transitional period from dispatch of goods to negotiations of export documents. It is mainly given for payment of factory salary wages. ( Back to back letter of credit: Under this arrangement the Bank Finances export business by opening a letter of credit on behalf of the exporter who has received a letter of credit from the overseas buyer but not the actual manufacturer or producer of these exportable goods. Since the second letter of credit is opened on the strength of backed by another letter of credit, it is called â€Å"Back to back† credit. The need for a back-to-back letter of credit arises because the beneficiary of the original letter of credit may have to procure the goods from actual producer who may not supply the goods unless the Bank guarantees its payment. . 8. 2- Post Shipment Credit: There is a time gap between export of the goods and realization of the proceeds. So exporter may require finance in that period to continue his business. So Bank may finance against export documents ensuring the following: 1. Export documents comply the credit terms. 2. Party’s past performance is satisfactory. 3. Any other security in ca se of export under contract. 5. 9 Foreign Remittance Foreign remittance means remittance of foreign currencies from one place/person to another place/person. In broad sense, foreign remittance includes all sale and purchase of foreign currencies on account of Import, Export, Travel and other purposes. However, specifically foreign remittance means sale purchase of foreign currencies for the purposes other than export and import. PBL performs the remittance function with different countries. It maintains the foreign remittance in the following form: Foreign Demand Draft. Inward Outward. 5. 9. 1 – Foreign Demand Draft (FDD): A foreign demand draft is a negotiable instrument issued by a Bank drawn on ther Bank with another country the instruction to pay a certain amount to the beneficiary on demand. Remittance through demand draft may be inward or outward. 5. 9. 2 – Inward Remittance Inward remittance refers to the extent where the Bank makes payment to the client against foreign demand draft. Bank will make payment to the client by verifying the, test number, and signature of the authorized officer. Two forms as prescribed by Bangladesh Bank are used for purchase of Foreign Currencies such as. EXP Form: Remittances received against exports of goods from Bangladesh are done by form EXP. Form C: Inward remittances equivalent to US$2000/- and above are done by Form† C†. However, declaration in Form C is not required in case of remittances by Bangladesh Nationals working abroad. 5. 9. 3 – Outward Remittance It refers to the extent where by the Bank issues foreign demand draft. The Bank charges TK. 300 per Demand Draft. Two forms are used for Outward remittance: IMP Form: All outward remittance on account of Imports is done by form IMP. T. M. Form: For all other outward remittances form T. M. is used. 5. 9. 4 -Collection of foreign currency instruments: To collect proceed of Foreign Instrument following procedures to be maintained: 1. Receive instrument with deposit slip. 2. Affix crossing stamp of the Bank. 3. Entry in the register putting IBCA number. 4. Affix endorsement â€Å"pay to the order of any Bank or trust company, prior endorsement guaranteed†. 5. Instrument to be sent to adjacent correspondents. 5. 9. 5 Miscellaneous Services given by this Department: |Student |Students who are desirous to study abroad can open file in the bank. By opening this file, bank assures the | |File |remittance of funds in abroad for study. |NRIT |‘Non –resident Investors’ Taka Account is an account by which Non-resident Bangladeshi can deposit foreign | |Account |currency for | | |investment in security of stock exchanges. For such accountholders, 5% of primary shares are reserved. | |F. C. |Foreign Currency accounts are opened in the names of Bangladeshi nationals or persons of Bangladeshi origin | |Account |workin g or self-employed in abroad and are maintained as long as the account holders’ desire. |NFCD |Stands for Non-resident Foreign Currency Deposit Eligible | | |Persons may open such accounts even after their return to Bangladesh, within six months of their arrival. | |RFCD |Stands for Resident Foreign Currency Accounts Persons ordinarily resident in Bangladesh may maintain foreign | |Accounts |currency accounts with foreign exchange brought in at the time of their return to Bangladesh from visit | | |abroad. Balance of such accounts is freely remittable to abroad. CHAPTER-SEVEN PROBLEMS OPPORTUNITIES Problems and opportunities of prime bank limited are discussed through the sowt analysis which is given below: SOWT Analysis: By analysing the Bank’s performance, I get the following Strength opportunity, weakness and threat (SOWT). Strength: It has well reputation in the market Not engaged in unfair business practice. Officers are highly educated. Executives are highly qua lified and experienced. Bank has many attractive deposit schemes. Well-furnished and Air-conditioned Bank. Efficient management practice in the Bank. Faster (T24) software is under implementation. In Singapore there is a PRIME EXCHANGE HOUSE. In CAMEL rating Bank achieved as No. 1 Bank. Percentage of bad loss is very significant (prox. 2%) Membership with SWIFT. Good Banker-customer relationship. Weakness: Deposit is lower than advance. Long-term credit is not sufficient. Small market shares in Banking-business. In present time Bank facing liquidity problem. Daily basis interest on deposit offered by other banks. Existing PCB software does not fulfill all requirement Opportunities: Can increase the credit scheme. Can increase the advertising of the Bank. Private Banks becomes more reliable to local public. Govt. as banned some ‘Jatiya Sanchaya patra’. Threat: There are many competitors in the market. Competitors have more deposit. Govt. imposes tax and VAT on profile. Govt. pressures to reduce interest rate. CHAPTER –EIGHT CONCLUSION RECOMMENDATION Conclusion: Bank is the largest organization of mobilizing surplus domestic savings. Attractive Savings Schem es are offered by PBL such as Contributory Savings Scheme, Monthly Benefit Deposit Scheme, Special Deposit Scheme, Education Savings Scheme, Fixed Deposit Scheme, Prime Bank Money Scheme, Prime Bank Insured Fixed Deposit Scheme as well as different accounts to save money. Schemes are designed concentrating in different purposes to help the fixed income group people to help in need. Bank-Officials are also whole-hearted and dedicated to serve their customer with utmost care. Credit Management policies and techniques used in PBL at present no doubt is comparable to international standards. The officials follow the policy very strictly. They are choosy and conservative in sanctioning loan. The proposal is thoroughly scrutinized by the loan sanctioning authority. The total function of the credit division is monitored periodically. The bank’s classified loan to the total Advance is very low. Management and others related to Prime Bank are trying to formulate new services and products. PBL always try to increase foreign exchange through import, export and remittance. This bank always conceives amicable behaviour with exporters and helps them in their business activities as a trustee friend. It encourage importer to import goods in legal procedure and provide financial assistance for doing business smoothly. This bank contribute to our economy in a great deal by transacting remittance from different countries. Keeping this thought in the management’s mind they made different deed with several foreign banks in abroad to collect money from our service holders and remit it to our country through this bank. In Singapore bank open a â€Å"PRIME EXCHANGE HOUSE† to help our people who employed in that country. Recommendation: Prime Bank Ltd. is one of the most potential Banks in the banking sector. It has a large portfolio with huge assets to meet up its liabilities and the management of this bank is equipped with the expert bankers and managers in all level of management. So it is not an easy job to find out the drawbacks of this branch. I would rather feel like producing my personal opinion about the ongoing practices in Motijheel Branch. For the improvement of the service the following measures should be taken: ? Providing more industrial loans: It seemed to me that the bank having a large amount of deposit is not encouraging the large scale producers that much of long term industrial loans to accelerate the economy as well as to help the economy to solve unemployment problem. ? Ensure Proper Division of manpower In The Desk: There is lack of division of manpower in the branch. Therefore every body has to handle every type of banking services. This decreases the level of performance of the personnel, though it reduces monotonousness. But lack of division of manpower hampers the discipline of working environment. So customers are to wait for some time for the desired service, which is contrary to the Baking’s objective. ? Development of Human Resources: Human resource is another sector for the branch to be developed urgently. Human resources, in the branch, need to be equipped with adequate banking knowledge. Majority of the human resources must be having basic knowledge regarding money, banking, finance and accounting. Without proper knowledge in these subjects, efficiency cannot be optimised. Bank can arrange training program on these subjects. ? Ensure Proper Maintenance of Files: Prime Bank Ltd. gives personalized services. All the officers have to give concentration to the customers, while doing this they cannot properly maintain the customer files. In many cases, application forms are not properly filled up and documents are not properly filed. Every staff should try to reduce these irregularities. ? Ensure Proper Maintenance of Office Premises: Motijheel Br. is supposed to be very neat and clean and well decorated. But sometimes it loses its glamour. The facility staffs are not regular in their duties and files and papers are kept here and there by the officers during the busy hour. This habit must be changed. Moreover, the sitting arrangement is very insufficient comparing with the number of customers. So Motijheel Br. Of PBL must pay attention to this issue. ? Ensure Proper Communication System and Maintenance of Machineries: Most of the time the branch’s computers remain out of order and it is also true for the photocopiers. Attention should be given on proper maintenance of phone, computer, fax machine and photocopier. Ensure Sufficient Forms and Brochures: There are always shortages of application forms, brochures, etc. in the branch. These Forms and Brochures must be maintained in sufficient quantity. Otherwise, customer service will be hampered ? Offer Some Loan and Deposit Scheme Exclusively for The Premium Customers: All the lending and savings packages offered to the Premium cu stomers are same as offered to the general customers, excepting the waiver of service charges for Premium Ones. Prime Bank Limited should try to introduce more attractive lending and savings scheme to its Premium customers to create more business for the Bank. The Bank can pay more attention to this segment of customers, as it is the most solvent group from which income can be generated if the package is designed properly. ? Implement T24 software more quickly: Bank’s implementation of T24 software and data migration activities should continue more quickly because day to day overhead cost increases for that purpose. ? More Gifts and Discounts for The Marginal Customers: Premium Customer should be offered occasional gifts and discounts, which can make the Premium Service more attractive and keep consumer delight. The interest rates on several loan and deposit schemes should be differentiated for the Premium customers Reference By: Peter Rose. By: L. R. Chowdhury. Consultation with the Following Persons ? Iftekher Uddin, SAVP and In-Charge of General Banking Division Motijheel Br. PBL. ? Mohammad Faruq, SAVP and In-Charge of Foreign Exchange Division. Motijheel Br. PBL. ? A. K. M. Jan-e ALAM,AVP; and In-Charge of Credit Division Motijheel Br. PBL. ? Hafizur Rahman Mollik, FAVP; Supervisor of L/C opening. Motijheel Br. PBL. ? Afzalun-Nnhar,FAVP. General Banking Division,Motijheel Br. PBL. Arif Hasan Khan, EO, Credit Division, motijheel Br. PBL. ? Mohammad Abdul Matin; Principal Officer, Credit division, Head office ,PBL. ? Masum Mahmud Baqui, Principal Officer, Corporate Banking, Head Office, PBL. ? Fahmida Sultana, Officer; General Banking Division, Motijheel Br. PBL. ? MD. Rashedul Hasan Khan, Joiner Officer, General Banking Division. Motijheel Br. PBL. ? Khaleda Farhana, Jonier Officer, Gene ral Banking Division; Motijheel Br. PBL. ? Zahid Hasan; Junior Officer; Accounts Section; Motijheel Branch; PBL. ———————– Issuing Bank (Bangladesh) Advising Bank (India) Reimbursing Bank (Japan) Negotiating Bank (India) How to cite Report on Prime Bank, Papers

Special Senate Committee on Senate Modernization free essay sample

Individuals must meet the constitutional qualifications. The constitutional requirements for the job remain. You have to be at least 30 years old, be a Canadian citizen and own property worth at least $4,000, as well as at least $4,000 in other assets. Nominees will have to show they can bring an independent and non-partisan perspective to the Senate. (Canadian Press, 2015). Unlike the House of Commons, the Senate has no power in the decision to end the term of the prime minister or of the government. Only the Commons may force the prime minister to tender his resignation or to recommend the dissolution of Parliament and issue election writs, by passing a motion of no-confidence. Thus, the Senate power in the government is very limited.One of the duties of the Senate is to represent the interests of Canadas regions, provinces, territories, and minority groups. Seats in the Senate are distributed to give each major region of the country equal representation. We will write a custom essay sample on Special Senate Committee on Senate Modernization or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The Senate works together with the House of Commons, assumes a role in Canadas administration. Any bit of government legislation must be endorsed by both the House of Commons and the Senate for it to end up as lawThe Senate has 105 appointed members divided among the provinces and territories as follows:Alberta, British Columbia, Manitoba, and Saskatchewan: 6 seats eachOntario: 24 seats and Quebec 24 seatsNew Brunswick and Nova Scotia: 10 seats eachPrince Edward Island: 4 seatsNewfoundland and Labrador: 6 seatsYukon, Northwest Territories, and Nunavut: 1 seat eachStanding in the Senate:Independent Senators 41Conservative Party of Canada 33Liberal Party of Canada 12Non-affiliated 5Vacant seats 14Total 105(Senate of Canada, 2018). A mandate of the SenateThe mandate of the Senate is to review, amend and either reject or approve bills passed by the House of Commons. The Senate works together with the House of Commons and assumes a role in Canadas administration. Any government legislation must be endorsed by both the House of Commons and the Senate for it to end up as law. No bill can become law until it has been passed by the Senate.Senators also study social, legal and economic issues through their committee work. The committees job is to give skilled thought to a bill. The Committees can influence the action of the government. In some cases, the Senate committees assist the citizens of Canada by bringing public awareness and clarification of some complex issues. The Senate basically creates a forum for the expression of views. A great example of this is Bill C-210. This was a private members bills that wanted to change the lyrics of O Canada to make them gender neutral. As all Canadians are aware; this was a heated debate all across Canada.